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BY KEY. G. J. KEPHART, A.M. 

Zbc %\tc of Jesus for Cbiioretu 

A series of questions on the leading facts in the life of Christ, 
simply stated, with the answers in simple language as nearly like that 
of the Bible as possible. The Scripture reference is always given, so 
that older children may search for themselves. The incidents are 
arranged in chronological order. Admirably adapted for use at home, 
in the Sunday school, in Junior young people's societies, or in any 
class for the teaching of Bible truth to children. 18mo. Clearly 
printed, bound in tough paper. 

Price, 15 cents each, postpaid ; per dozen, $1.20. 

5e8U6 tbe 1Ra3arene. 

A Life of Jesus, with a Parallel Harmony of the Gospels. This is 
the story of Christ's life arranged in chronological order. It is 
divided into chapters indicating the years of his work. The style is 
clear, the method of treatment excellent. The unique feature is the 
arrangement of the harmony and the references to the corresponding 
Scripture passage by columns in the margin. At a glance the reader 
can tell exactly in what portion of the Gospels he may find the narra- 
tive. The author very clearly explains the important questions 
regarding the dates of Jesus' life, the length of his ministry, etc. 
Dr. C. R. Blackall, of the Baptist Church, furnishes an introduction. 
The book includes an appendix containing a brief dictionary of places, 
people, and institutions of Palestine mentioned in the Gospels, a 
general index, and a Scripture index. Handsomely printed and 
bound in cloth. 

Price, 50 cents net, postpaid. 

£be iPublic Xife of Gbtist. 

A chart and map of Palestine so combined as to present to the 
mind, by the aid of the eye, both the chronology and the geography, 
and thus the mutual relation of all the recorded events, of the public 
life of our Saviour, along with a graphic harmony of the Gospels cover- 
ing the same period ; folded and bound with a complete manual, con- 
venient for pocket carriage. This chart includes a map of Palestine, 
showing the name and location of all the loading divisions, towns, 
cities, and places visited by Jesus during his public life. By means of 
circles, connecting bands, and changes in color, wfeich are very easily 
understood, all the events and incidents in the public life of Christ 
are shown in their proper relation as to time and place. This is a 
unique book, entirely different from anything else ever snown. 

Price, cloth, 75 cents ; leather, $1.00 ; wall edition, $1.25. 

For any of the above, address 

W. J. SHUEY, Publisher, DAYTON, OHIO. 



Jesus the Nazarene 



A BRIEF LIFE OF OUR SAVIOUR, WITH 
".- - A PARALLEL HARMONY 



BY 

REV. C. j/jCEPHART, A.M. 

Author of "The Public Life of Christ," and 
"Life of Jesus for Children" 



WITH INTRODUCTION BY 
REV. C R. BLACKALL 





m 7 1894 v 



-2 



/ 



Dayton, Ohio 

W. J. Shuey, Publisher 

1894 



Copyright, 1894, 

By W. J. Shuey, Publisher. 

All rights reserved. 



3T30\ 



Washington 



SO 

> 



TO 

effector cmb jKtotljBr, 

WHO FOR MANY YEARS WALKED HAND IN HAND 
WITH 

THE LIVING CHRIST 

AND 

WHOSE LIVES WERE AN INSPIRATION AND A BENEDICTION 

TO ALL WHO KNEW THEM, THESE PAGES 

ARE DEDICATED BY 



\z ^Irttljor. 






INTRODUCTION. 



If there were any need of evidence to prove the all-pervasiveness 
of the Name that is above every other name, and the power which 
that Name exercises the whole world over, it wonld be found in the 
continually increasing number of volumes that appear with Jesus 
Christ the Xazarene, Son of man and Son of God, as their subject. 
This latest contribution to the literature of a theme worthy of the 
angels' songs is timely, in view of the fact that in all lands where 
the International Lessons are used the God-man will be studied, in 
a course extending through an entire j'ear, his life and work being 
presented in chronological order. 

The name of Jesus Christ appears but little in contemporaneous 
history; hence we are limited as to sources of information. If the 
Gospels had been written in such order and completeness that a 
perfect biography could be constructed, the way would be clear; but 
the}- are manifestly very far from being full along certain directions 
knowledge in regard to which would give satisfaction to the careful 
inquirer. If they had been written each to supplement the others, 
there would still be a clear path and the possibility of definite 
agreement upon certain questions of fact concerning which there is 
divergence. 

The advantages of having four distinct and independent narratives 
of our Lord's work and teachings while in this world, however, are 
entirely evident. Xo one felt called to write a detailed life of the 
Master until the original sources of information had passed away 
forever. There can be no contention, then, as to authority in the 
matter, and we are shut up to a comparison of the four Gospels 
to ascertain and arrange the facts as best we may. Under the 

iii 



IV INTRODUCTION. 

circumstances it is not remarkable that questions should arise upon 
which wise men should differ, and hence criticism should result upon 
the best work that can be done; but fortunately these differences are 
not in any instance vital to the facts themselves, but only as to the 
sequence of the facts, while each writer, being fully convinced of 
the accuracy of his own investigations, may necessarily seem more 
or less dogmatic in statement. The study given by the author in 
the preparation of his excellent work, "The Public Iyife of Christ," 
fitted him well to tell this story of the life and work and teachings 
of Jesus the Christ; in fact, the one supplements the other so thor- 
oughly that they will no doubt be used much together. 

The arrangement whereby reference can at a glance be made to 
the several Gospels that state given facts will materially aid the 
general reader and the student, while the use of the Revised Version 
for quotations is an obvious advantage. The author has been wise 
in not cumbering his text with descriptions of persons and places, 
and thus interfering with the easy flow of the story; the appendix, 
however, supplies answers to queries sufficient for the time, until 
a Bible dictionary can be consulted for fuller details. The volume 
has been prepared with reference to the practical needs of busy 
people; hence the story is in outline, as a hand-book, but it will 
Stimulate thought and engender an earnest desire to delve yet deeper 
in the Gospel mine for the rich gems that may be gained by any one 
who will honestly seek; for in no regard is it more true than in 

this, that they who seek will surely find. 

C. R. Blackali,. 
Philadelphia, May, 1894. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Introduction, - . - 3 

CHAPTER I. 

Chronology of the Gospel Period. 

When Was Jesus Born? — When Was Jesus Baptized? — When 

Was Jesus Crucified? — Contemporaneous Events. 9 

CHAPTER II. 

Introductory Period, b.c. 5 — a.d. 26. 

Birth of John the Baptist— Birth of Jesus— Flight to Egypt, 

and Return — Life at Nazareth. - 18 

CHAPTER III. 

The First Public Year. a.d. 27. 

The "Voice in the Wilderness " — Baptism of Jesus — The Tempta- 
tion — First Disciples — First Miracle — First Visit to Caper- 
naum — At the Passover — Teaching in Judaea — At Jacob's 
Well — Second Visit to Can a. ------ 22 

CHAPTER IV. 

The Second Public Year. a.d. 28. 

At "A Feast of the Jews" — Return to Galilee — First Rejection 
— At Capernaum — Pharisees Complain — Sermon on the Mount 
— Raised Widow's Son — John the Baptist's Inquiries — First 
Anointing — Scribes Complain — Numerous Parables — At Ger- 
gesa — At Levi's Feast — "The Hem of His Garment" — 
Jairus's Daughter — "The Son of David." - - - 26 

v 



Vi CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER V. 

The Third Public Year. a.d. 29. page. 

Second Rejection — John the Baptist Beheaded — Five Thousand 
Fed— Walked on the Sea— "The Bread of Life" — In Gen- 
tile Territory — Through the Decapolis — Four Thousand Fed 
— In the Regions of Caesarea Philippi — Transfiguration — 
Paid Tribute— At the Feast of Tabernacles — " The First 
Stone" — "Who Did Sin?"— Return to Galilee— To Jeru- 
salem Again — Rejected by Samaritans — The Ten Eepers — 
The Seventy — Through Persea — At the Feast of Dedication. 35 

CHAPTER VI. 

Three Months in Seclusion, a.d. 30. 

At Bethabara — Raised Lazarus at Bethany — At Ephraim — Started 

to Passover — At Jericho — Arrived at Bethany. 46 

CHAPTER VII. 

Passion Week. 

Second Anointing — Triumphal Entry — Temple Cleansed — Taught 
in the Temple — Final Departure — I^ast Supper — Arrest — 
Trial — The Crucifixion— The Burial. - - - - 50 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Resurrection, Appearances, and Ascension. 

Scenes at the Sepulcher — First Appearances — Thomas Convinced 
— At the Sea of Galilee — On a Mountain in Galilee — Ascen- 
sion. ___________ 63 

APPENDIX. 

Palestine — Its Cities, People, and Institutions in the Time of 

Christ. 67 

Generae Index, - 76 

Scripture Index, 79 



AUTHORITIES. 



In presenting this book to the public, I desire to state that in its 
preparation I was materially assisted by the following works: An- 
drews' "Life of Our Lord," Alford's "Greek Testament," Farrar's 
"Life of Christ," Edersheim's "The Life and Times of Jesus the 
Messiah," Geikie's "Life and Words of Christ," McClintock and 
Strong's "Encyclopoedia," Thomson's "The Land and the Book," 
and Hurlbut's "Manual of Biblical Geography." 

In all quotations from Scripture the Revised Version is used. 

C. J. K. 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



CHAPTER I. 

Chronology of the Gospel Period. 
I. When Was Jesus Born ? 

The Gospels do not give the date. Only Matthew and Luke give 
any record of his birth. Matthew says (2:1) that it occurred " in the 
days of Herod the king." But as Herod ruled at least thirty-eight 
j^ears, this statement does not assist us to a definite date. Luke 
tells us (2:1-7) that Jesus was born while Joseph and Mary were at 
Bethlehem to be enrolled, in obedience to the decree of Augustus 
Caesar. But Augustus ordered three separate censuses of the empire 
to be taken, one in the year of Rome 726, one in 746, and one in 
767. Which of these is the one referred to by Luke? The first is 
evidently too early, and the last just as evidently too late. Hence, 
we conclude that the census ordered by Augustus in 746 is the one 
referred to in Luke's Gospel. But as it required several years to 
complete the enrollment of the citizens of the empire, we do not 
from this datum reach a conclusion as to the year of the birth. We 
do, however, reach a date before which the birth of Jesus did not 
occur. That is, Jesus was not born earlier than a.u.c. 746, B.C. 8. 

Can we reach a date after which his birth did not occur ? Matthew 
tells us (2 : 15, 19) that the death of Herod occurred after the birth 
of Jesus. From statements made by Josephus, it is estimated that 
Herod died between March 13 and April 4, a.u.c. 750, B.C. 4, 1 Jesus 
being yet a child. This, then, gives a date after which Jesus was 

1 See Andrews, p. i. 

9 



IO JESUS THE NAZARENE. 

not born. These data fix the period within which the birth of Jesus 
occurred; that is, between the Roman years 746 and 750. Beyond 
this, certainty cannot be reached. Data that will appear in the 
discussion of the second question in this chapter point to A.u.C. 749 
as the year; that is, B.C. 5. 

As to the time of the year, we may get some help from Luke. He 
tells us (1 :5-i4) that the birth of John the Baptist was announced 
to Zacharias, a priest of the course of Abia, while he was in the 
discharge of his duties in the temple. The birth of John preceded 
the birth of Jesus by about six months (I^uke 1 : 36). If the birth of 
Jesus occurred in 749, this announcement must have been made to 
Zacharias not later than some time in 748. From Talmudical state- 
ments and from statements in Josephus, it is estimated that the 
course of Abia served in the temple, in the year 748, during the 
week April 17-23, and again in October, 3-9. 1 During one of these 
periods, therefore, we conclude that Zacharias received the promise 
of the birth of John. This puts the birth of Jesus, which occurred 
fifteen months after the annunciation to Zacharias, either near the 
middle of a.tj.c. 749, or in December of 749, or in January of 750. 
Tradition favors December, and there are no strong arguments 
against it. 

II. When Was Jesus Baptized? 

The Gospels give no specific reply. Matthew and Mark simply 
state (Matt. 3; Mark 1 : 1-10) that he was baptized during the min- 
istry of John the Baptist. John gives no account of the baptism 
of Jesus. I^uke says (3:1, 2) that "the word of God came unto 
John" "in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar." This 
marks the beginning of the ministry of John the Baptist as occurring 
in the fifteenth year of Tiberius's reign, John had probably been 
preaching some months when Jesus came to him for baptism. At 
the time of his baptism Jesus "began to be about thirty years of 
age" (Luke 3 123). 

When was the fifteenth year of Tiberius's reign? He became 

1 Andrews, p. 13. 



CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOSPEL PERIOD. II 

associate ruler with his step-father, Augustus, in the year of Rome 
764, and three years later became sole ruler. If in estimating his 
fifteenth year we count from 767, the year in which he became sole 
ruler, we shall reach 782 as his fifteenth year. Subtracting from 
this thirty j-ears, the age of Jesus at his baptism, we have 752 as 
the year of his birth. But we have seen above that the death of 
Herod, which occurred after the birth of Jesus, is not to be placed 
later than 750; hence, 752 cannot be, according to this estimate, the 
3-ear of Jesus' birth, nor can 782 be the fifteenth 3-ear of Tiberius. 
But if in estimating the fifteenth 3-ear of Tiberius we count from 
the beginning of his associate reign, 764, then we reach 779 as his 
fifteenth year, and 749 as the year of the birth of Jesus, a date in 
full accord with all ascertained data. We therefore take 779 as the 
fifteenth 3-ear of Tiberius. John began baptizing at some time in this 
year; we do not know at just what time, probablj- during the summer 
shortly after having reached the age of thirty. We hence conclude 
that Jesus was baptized in the latter part of 779 or the beginning 
of 7S0, a.d. 26 or 2j. Tradition gives January 6 as the day of the 
month. 

III. When Was Jesus Crucified? 

The crucifixion occurred during the feast of the Passover, which 
came annual^ in the month of Xisan, corresponding with the moon 
of our March or April. This, however, determines neither the year, 
nor the day of the month, nor the day of the week. 

Friday is very general^ accepted as the day of the week, although 
some have argued for Thursda}-; their premises, however, are very 
unsatisfactory. 

The decision as to the day of the month depends upon the answer 
to another inquiry: Did the crucifixion occur before or after the 
eating of the Passover supper? John 13 : 1, in connection with what 
follows, seems to indicate that the supper there spoken of was eaten 
before the Passover; verse 29 speaks as though some preparation for 
the Passover yet remained to be made; John 18:28, referring to 
a time after Jesus and the disciples had eaten, seems to say that 



12 JESUS THE NAZARENE. 

the Passover had not yet been eaten; John in 19 : 14, 31 speaks of 
the day of the crucifixion as "the Preparation of the passover." 
These statements taken by themselves would no doubt lead to the 
conclusion that the crucifixion occurred before the Passover supper. 
Turning to the other Gospels, we find statements quite different. 
Matthew 26 : 17-21, Mark 14:12-18, L,uke 22:7-15, all state with great 
clearness that the Passover was eaten by Jesus with his disciples, and 
hence, that it occurred before the crucifixion. 

It is not to be denied that there is in the Gospels a difference in 
statement upon this point; but that there is a contradiction in their 
statements does not follow. Different explanations have been given. 
Probably if we understood fully the use of terms by each of the 
Evangelists, we should have no difficulty in seeing that they agree, 
and that Jesus did eat the Passover before the crucifixion. The 
following suggestions may help to the solution of the difficulty: 
( 1 ) The statement of John 13 : 1 does not necessarily denote a time 
in immediate chronological connection with the supper spoken of in 
the remainder of the chapter. (2) Verse 29 may mean that the 
disciples thought that Judas went out to get something for the 
remaining days of the feast, as the feasting continued during seven 
days. (3) The words, "the passover," of 18:28, may be used by 
John in a general sense to designate the feast of the entire week, 
and not technically of the Passover supper. (4) The expression 
of John 19:14, 31, "the Preparation of the passover," may mean 
the preparation day of the Passover week; that is, the day of the 
preparation for Sabbath of Passover week. 1 

If Jesus did eat the Passover supper with his disciples, as the 
writer accepts, then the crucifixion occurred on 15th Nisan, because 
the Passover supper was always eaten on the evening of 14th Nisan 
after the slaying of the lamb on the afternoon of the same day. 

But this does not fix the year of the crucifixion. It is held that 
astronomical calculations show that between the years a.d. 25 and 
35 only the years 27, 30, and 33 had 14th Nisan on Thursday. This 

1 Andrews, pp. 465-481. 



CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOSPEL PERIOD. 13 

argues strong^ for the year 30 as the year of the crucifixion, since 
27 is too early and t>Z too late. But as the calendar was not so 
carefully kept then as now, this cannot be relied upon with cer- 
tainty. 

Are we assisted by Scripture statements relative to the length of 
Jesus' ministry? 

The Gospels do not give us any definite statement as to the 
length of time spent by Jesus in his public work. This has led 
to comparative research that has resulted in conclusions widely 
diverse. Neither Matthew, nor Mark, nor Luke gives any indications 
as to the length of Jesus' ministry. They do not mention his pres- 
ence in Judaea after his departure following the imprisonment of John 
the Baptist (Matt. 4:12; Mark 1:14; Luke 4:14) until his return 
to the crucifixion (Matt. 20:17; Mark 10:32; Luke 18:31); nor 
do the}- give an}- indication as to the length of time intervening 
between his baptism and the arrest of John. They make no refer- 
ence to any feast during his ministry except the Passover at the 
close of his life. John gives quite a different record, and yet he 
does not clearly answer our inquiry. He says nothing of the baptism 
or temptation of Jesus, but speaks of events intimately connected 
therewith. He records two journeys from Judaea to Galilee (John 
1 :43 and 4:3), with a third clearly implied (compare John 5 with 
6:1). He also names three journe3'S to Jerusalem, not including 
the journey to his baptism (John 2:13; 5:1; 7:10). These all 
seem to have been from Galilee. He also speaks of six feasts that 
occurred during his public life: three Passovers (John 2:13; 6:4; 
12:1 and following); one feast of Tabernacles (John 7); one feast 
of Dedication (John 10: 22); and one feast the name of which he 
does not give (John 5:1). 

If from any of these data we are to gain help in deciding the 
length of our Lord's ministry, it must be from the statements 
respecting the Passover, as this is the only feast repeated; the 
others might all have occurred within one year. If we can decide 
definitely the number of Passovers during his ministry, we can 



14 JESUS THE NAZARENE. 

decide the length of the ministry, as the Passover occurred annually. 
If there were three Passovers, his public life must have covered at 
least two years and a few months, since he was baptized some- 
time before the first Passover named during his public life (John 
i : 26-33; 2:1 3)- Although three Passovers are named by John, some 
hold that there were only two, explaining the words, "the pass- 
over," of John 6:4, as a gloss, and holding that the feast there 
named was identical with the feast of Tabernacles mentioned in 
John 7. This would reduce his ministry to one year and a few 
months, as some hold. But the theory is untenable, and now 
generally abandoned. 

But were there only three Passovers? 

The answer to this depends largely upon our interpretation of 
John 5:1. What feast was this "feast of the Jews," the name of 
which John does not give? They had a number of feasts — Purim, 
in March; Passover, in March- April; Pentecost, in May; Tabernacles, 
in October; Dedication, in December; Trumpets, which occurred 
monthly; and Wood-gathering, which occurred several times in the 
year, if nothing else were necessary to meet the conditions than 
that the gathering be a feast, then any one of these might be the 
one referred to in John 5:1. If the one there named was any one 
except a Passover, then it would be possible to give an arrangement 
which would put all the events of the Saviour's public life within 
two years and a fraction. If it was a Passover, then three years 
and a fraction are necessary, as this will give four Passovers. 

Can we decide what feast this was? 

It evidently occurred between the Passover of John 2 : 13 and that 
named in John 6 : 4. Between these feasts occurred also the Judaean 
ministry of Jesus (John 3 : 22 ). It is very generally held that this 
ministry occupied several months; that is, that it began very soon 
after the Passover of a.d. 2j, and continued till about November 
or December of the same year. If this be correct, then the feast 
of 5 : 1 could not have been either Pentecost or Tabernacles of 
that year, as Jesus very evidently "went up" to this feast from 



CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOSPEL PERIOD. 15 

Galilee after the Judaean ministry had closed. There have been no 
advocates for Dedication, and very few for either of the minor 
feasts, as they were gatherings of little significance. This would 
render it probable that the feast of John 5 : 1 was either Purim or 
Passover of a.d. 28. A number of able writers have held for 
Purim, 1 most of whom estimate the length of Jesus' ministry at 
two years and a fraction. This was, however, also a feast of minor 
importance, having originated in Persia, not by divine appointment, 
but in commemoration of the preservation of the Jews from the plots 
of Haman; it is not certain that this feast was largely attended by 
the Jews. Other writers of equal eminence prefer Passover, 2 as it 
was the great feast of the Jewish nation, and was more largely 
attended than slvlj of the others. Accepting Passover, we have 
three 3-ears and three months as the length of time occupied by our 
Lord in his ministry, a period more in harmony with the work 
done by him than one either shorter or longer. This also brings 
the crucifixion in the year 30, in harmony with conclusions already 
reached. 

What was the hour of the crucifixion ? 

Mark says (15 : 25), "And it was the third hour, and they crucified 
him." John says (19: 14), referring to the close of the trial of 
Jesus, "It was .... about the sixth hour." This difference of 
statement has given rise to much discussion, and to various expla- 
nations, none of which are entirety satisfactory. The time given 
by Mark — the third hour, about 9 a.m —most fully harmonizes with 
all the narrated circumstances. 

Restating conclusions, we have the following dates quite satisfac- 
torily determined: — 

Jesus was born December, A.u.c. 749, B.C. 5. 

He was baptized either late a.u.c. 779, a.d. 26, or early a.u.c. 
780, A.D. 2J. 

The crucifixion occurred 9 a.m., Xisan 15, April 7, a.u.c. 783, 
a.d. 30. 

1 Teschendorf, Meyer, Wieseler, Farrar, Weiss, and others. 

2 Lightfoot, Grotius, Greswell, Wordsworth, Weitbrecht, Andrews, and others. 



l6 JESUS THE NAZARENK. 

IV. Contemporaneous Events. 

Palestine became subject to Rome B.C. 63, and so remained until 
the dissolution of the empire. Augustus Caesar reigned B.C. 30 to 
a.d. 14. Tiberius Caesar succeeded him, and reigned a.d. 14 to 
a.d. 37. 

Herod the Great was made king of all Palestine b.c. 40, and 
reigned until his death, a.d. 4. At his death his kingdom was 
divided among his three sons. Archelaus received Judaea and Sama- 
ria, with the title of ethnarch, and ruled until a.d. 6, when he was 
banished to Vienna, in Gaul. Herod Antipas received Galilee and 
Peraea, with the title of tetrarch, and ruled until a.d. 38, when he 
was banished to Lyons, in Gaul; later he removed to Spain, where 
he died. Herod Philip received the Bashan district, all east of the 
Jordan except Peraea, with the title of tetrarch, and ruled until his 
death, in a.d. 34. 

After the banishment of Archelaus, Judaea and Samaria were 
annexed directly to the empire, as part of the province of Syria, 
and were governed by the following procurators: Coponius, a.d. 
6-9; Marcus Ambivius, a.d. 9-12; Annius Rufus, a.d. 12-15; Vale- 
rius Gratus, a.d. 15-26; Pontius Pilate, a.d. 26-36, with others fol- 
lowing down to the destruction of the city, a.d. 70. 

These data furnish us the following facts relative to the life of 
Jesus: First, his birth occurred while Augustus Caesar was emperor 
of Rome; second, from the early childhood of Jesus until after his 
death Herod Antipas ruled in Galilee and Peraea, and during the same 
period Herod Philip ruled in the Bashan district, while Judaea and 
Samaria were ruled by a succession of procurators; third, the public 
life of Jesus occurred while Tiberius Caesar was emperor of Rome 
and Pontius Pilate was procurator of Judaea and Samaria. 

The inhabitants of Judaea in New Testament times were largefy 
descendants of Hebrews returned from the Babylonian captivity. The 
inhabitants of Samaria were descendants of Cuthite and other Assyr- 
ian colonists imported after the Assyrian captivity. (See II. Kings 
17, and Trench on the Parable of the Good Samaritan.) Galilee was 



CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOSPEL PERIOD. IJ 

occupied chiefly 03- Jews less superstitious than those of Judaea. 
Peraea and the Bashan district were occupied by Jews and Gentiles, 
who intermingled but little. 

The great majority of the people were abjectly poor, and because 
of their inabilit}- to observe the law with the exactness required by 
the interpretation of the Rabbis, were virtuall} 7 outcasts in the eyes 
of the religionists of the times. 

The temple of New Testament times was begun by Herod B.C. 
20-17, but was not completed until a.d. 65. Here the devout Jews 
of all Palestine, and indeed of all the world, assembled statedly for 
worship. The Samaritans worshiped at Mt. Gerizim, where was a 
temple built by Sanballat, with the consent of Alexander the Great, 
about b.c. 325. 



CHAPTER II. i 



The Introductory Period, b.c. 6 to a.d. 26. 



Matt. Mark 



In October of the year of Rome 748, B.C. 
6, while Zacharias was in the discharge of 
his priestly duties at Jerusalem, an angel 
of the Lord appeared to him and announced 
that his wife Elizabeth, hitherto childless, 
should bear a son who should be named 
John; that he should "go before his [the 
Lord's] face in the spirit and power of 
Elijah ' ' ( Luke). Delighted, yet doubting, 
Zacharias returned to his home in the hill 
country of Judaea, probably Hebron, where 
the child was born in June of B.C. 5. 
' ' And the child grew, and waxed strong in 
spirit, and was in the deserts till the day 
of his showing unto Israel " (Luke 1 :8o). 

Six months after the annunciation to 
Zacharias, the angel Gabriel came to 
Mary, a virgin of Nazareth in Galilee, a 
descendant of David, the espoused of 
Joseph a carpenter, and promised to her 
the miraculous conception of a son, whom 
she should name Jesus, saying, " He shall 
be great, and shall be called the Son of 
the Most High: and the Lord God shall 
give unto him the throne of his father 
David: and he shall reign over the house 
of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom 
there shall be no end" (Luke). 



Luke. 



1:5 



John. 



1:38. 



1 Note.— In the following pages, marginal references are employed to indicate the Scrip- 
ture passages relating to the various incidents in the life of Jesus. A reference placed 
under a horizontal line indicates the beginning, and one placed above a horizontal line 
indicates the end, of that portion of the narrative to which the Scripture reference applies. 

18 



THE INTRODUCTORY PERIOD. B.C. 6 TO A.D. 26. 



19 



Matt. 



Mark. 



Some time after this the angel of the 
Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, and 
informed him of God's purpose in relation 
to his espoused wife, and directed him 
also to call the name of the child "Jesus; 
for it is he that shall save his people 
from their sins" (Matthew). 

About this same time Augustus Caesar 
ordered that a census of the empire should 
be taken. In answer to this requirement, 
and according to Jewish custom, Joseph 
and Mary, now husband and wife, went 
to the village of Bethlehem in Judaea, the 
city of David, to be registered. Mam- 
others having come on a like errand, 
Bethlehem was over-crowded, so that 
Joseph and Man- found it necessary to 
take shelter in a cave. 1 Shortly after- 
ward Mar}- gave birth to her firstborn, 
Jesus the Son of man, the Son of God. 

Thus quietly and in great humility 
occurred the birth of the world's Re- 
deemer. But the birth of Jesus, unnoticed 
by men, was not wholly unheralded. To 
a company of shepherds keeping watch 
over their flocks near Bethlehem, the 
angel of the Lord appeared with the mes- 
sage, "Be not afraid; for behold, I bring 
you good tidings of great joy which shall 
be to all the people: for there is born to 



Luke. John 



1 "The sacred spot where Jesus was born is pointed out as in a cave under the high altar 
of the great Church of the Nativity. Nor is there anything improbable in a cave being 
thus honored, for it is quite common in Palestine to build a house against the mouth of 
such a natural chamber, to have the benefit of it either as a stable or a lumber-room. You 
go down by a flight of steps to the supposed ' stable,' now made into a kind of room by 
hangings, once splendid, on the walls and roof. Two huge gilt candlesticks rise in the 
corner; a wall altar, over which is a smoke-blackened picture, takes up some space, and 
below, rising from the ground at the same side, is a small scallop-shaped recess, fringed 
with lamps always burning, and paved with various colored marble, forming a star with a 
silver center, while along the outer edge there run the words, in Latin, ' Here Jesus Christ 
was born of the Virgin Mary.' I frankly confess that the spot had a mighty power over 
me, for it has really very high claims to be regarded as genuine, tradition having marked 
it as such since the second century." — Geikie's " New Testament Hours," pp. 4,5- 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



to 



Mark. 



you this day in the city of David a 
Saviour, which is Christ the Lord." And 
suddenly a multitude of the heavenly 
host took up the refrain, — 

"Glory to God in the highest, 
And on earth peace among men in whom he is well 
pleased" (I^uke). 

On the eighth day the child was cir- 
cumcised and named Jesus. At the end 
of forty days he was presented in the 
temple, where he was met and greeted 
by the aged and devout Simeon and by 
the prophetess Anna. 

Shortly after this occurred the visit of the 
Magi, who, directed of God, came "from 
the east to . . . Jerusalem," and asked: 
' ' Where is he that is born King of the 
Jews ? for we saw his star in the east, and 
are come to worship him" (Matthew). 
This inquiry aroused the ever jealous Her- 
od, and he immediately set about seeking 
' ' the young child to destroy him ' ' ( Mat- 
thew). Warned of God, Joseph and Mary 
fled with the child to Egypt for refuge, 
and remained there until after the death of 
Herod. 1 ^earning that the Magi did not 
return as he requested, Herod ordered the 
slaughter of all the children of Bethlehem 
from two years old and under — an awful 
picture of the heart of this vicious king. 

At length, informed of the death of 
Herod, the Holy Family returned to Pal- 
estine. Avoiding Judaea for fear of Arch- 
elaus, they went directly to Nazareth in 
Galilee. 

Of the further events of the childhood 
and early manhood of Jesus we know but 



Luke. John 



2-39 



1 The flight into Egypt must have occurred not later than the early part of B.C. 4, for 
Herod died only a few days before the Passover of that year. How long before his death 
their flight occurred we do not know, and hence cannot determine the length of time they 
remained in Egypt. Scholars are divided in their estimate between a few months and as 
many years. 



the; introductory period, b.c. 6 to a.d. 26. 



21 



Matt. Mark. 



little. At the age of twelve he was taken 
to the feast of the Passover at Jerusalem 
for the first time. The story of his being 
missed by his parents and of their finding 
him in the temple in the midst of the 
doctors of the law, is one of too great 
beauty to be told in language other than 
that of Holy Writ. Read it in Luke 2 : 
42-49. 



Luke. 



John. 



Of the events of the Saviour's life between this visit to the Passover 
and his entrance upon his public ministry, we only know that "he 
went down with them [his parents], and came to Nazareth; and he 
was subject unto them," and "advanced in wisdom and stature, and 
in favour with God and men" (Luke 2 : 51, 52). 

He learned the carpenter's trade (Mark 6:3), and, as Justin Martyr 
writes, "did make, while among men, ploughs and yokes, thus setting 
before them symbols of righteousness, and teaching them an active 
life." 

From the fact that the records of his later life contain no refer- 
ence to Joseph, his reputed father, it is thought that Joseph died 
before Jesus began his public ministry. 

The Gospels maintain even a more complete silence respecting 
the childhood, youth, and early manhood of John the Baptist. Aside 
from the statement of Luke 1 : 80, we know nothing of his life from 
the day of his circumcision until he appeared in the wilderness of 
Judaea with the same abruptness that characterized the first appear- 
ance of his great ancestor, the prophet Elijah. 



CHAPTER III. 



The First Public Year. a.d. 27. 



Matt. 


Mark. 


3:1 

to 

4:11. 


1:1 

to 

1:14. 







January- February . 

' ' In those days cometh John the Baptist, 
preaching in the wilderness of Judaea" 
( Matthew ). He had been preaching some 
time — it may be, several months — when 
Jesus came for baptism. His work was 
very successful, so that multitudes from 
"Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the 
region round about Jordan" came to 
him, "and they were baptized of him in 
the river Jordan, confessing their sins" 
(Matthew). 

At length Jesus came from Nazareth 
in Galilee to be baptized. John at first 
hesitated, but at length consented, and 
baptized him. As Jesus came up out of 
the water, the Holy Spirit came upon 
him in the form of a dove, and God the 
Father testified in an audible voice that 
Jesus was his beloved Son. 

Immediately Jesus was led of the Spirit 
into the wilderness "to be tempted of the 
devil. ' ' Here the Saviour spent forty days 
and forty nights in fasting, at the close 
of which he hungered. In the course of 
his temptation he was taken to a pinnacle 
of the temple, and also to an exceeding 
high mountain. At the close of the 
temptation "angels came and ministered 
unto him" C Matthew). 

During the temptation of Jesus, John 
22 



Luke. 



3-i 



John, 



4:13 •■ 



1.19 



THE FIRST PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 2J. 



23 



Matt. 



Mark. 



the Baptist remained at Bethabara, teach- 
ing and baptizing. Meanwhile a depu- 
tation of Levites came to him from 
Jerusalem and asked him whether he 
was the Messiah. John replied with a 
distinct denial. On the next day Jesus 
returned from the temptation, and as he 
approached, John pointed him out as the 
Messiah, in the language, "Behold, the 
Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin 
of the world!" (John.) The next day he 
repeated the announcement, and two of his 
disciples, Andrew and John, left John and 
became disciples of Jesus. Andrew shortty 
afterward found his brother Simon and 
brought him to Jesus, who at once named 
him Cephas, a stone. Accompanied bj r 
these his first followers, Jesus started to 
Galilee, and on the way secured two more 
disciples, Philip and Nathanael. Three 
days later he arrived at Cana, where with 
his mother and newly secured disciples 
he attended a wedding. Here he per- 
formed his first miracle, turning six 
water-pots of water into wine. 

March. 

After the wedding, Jesus, with his 
mother, brethren, and disciples, made a 
short visit to Capernaum. 1 

April-Novem ber. 

After a short stay at Capernaum Jesus 
went up to Jerusalem to the Passover. 2 
During the feast he cleansed the temple, 
driving out those who were polluting it 
by using it for mercenary purposes. Here 



Luke. John 



1 Of what occurred during this visit we are uot informed. 
2 The Passover occurred this year April 11-17. (Andrews, p. 169.) 



24 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



he also gave his first recorded public 
teaching. The Jews were at once aroused 
to opposition because of his claiming such 
unusual authority, and their demands 
rendered necessary his first personal vin- 
dication. During the feast he wrought a 
number of miracles, in consequence of 
which many believed. He was visited 
privately by Nicodemus, a ruler of the 
Jews, a member of the Sanhedrin, to 
whom he spoke with great force of the 
necessity and nature of the "new birth." 
After the feast, taking his disciples, the 
number of whom had increased some- 
what, he withdrew to the country, where 
he engaged for some time in teaching 
and baptizing, John the Baptist being 
similarly engaged at iEnon. 1 

December. 

"When therefore the Lord knew how 
that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus 
was making and baptizing more disciples 
than John, .... he left Judaea, and 
departed again into Galilee" (John). At 
this point Jesus practically closed his 
Judaean ministry; his visits to this region 
after this were only of short duration, and 
were not especially for teaching. 

In going to Galilee he went through 
Samaria, passing Jacob's well near Sy- 
char. Here occurred the conversation 
with the woman of Samaria, in the course 
of which Jesus gave his first announce- 
ment of his Messiahship. He tarried in 
the city two days, and taught, in response 



Luke. 



John. 



3:23- 



4:1 



1 What parts of Judaea were visited by Jesus during this time we are not told, nor are we 
told the length of time thus occupied by him. It is probable, and generally believed, that 
it covered some months, perhaps April to November inclusive ; that is, almost the whole 
of our lord's first public year seems to have been spent in Judaea. "Jesus himself bap« 
tized not, but his disciples" (John 4:2). 



THE FIRST PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 27. 



^5 



Matt 



Mark. 



to which man}* believed. Leaving Sama- 
ria, he went to Galilee, where he was 
received with expressions of great esteem, 
man}- of the Galileans having been pres- 
ent and witnessed what he did at the 
feast at Jerusalem. 

He came at length to Cana, where he 
was visited b}- a nobleman from Caper- 
naum, who requested that he would 
"come down, and heal his son," who 
was lying at Capernaum "at the point of 
death ' ' (John). Without going to Caper- 
naum Jesus granted his request by healing 
his son, though he was seventeen miles 
distant. This was the second miracle that 
he performed at Cana. From all that we 
can learn we conclude that Jesus now 
spent some months in retirement, taking 
rest. His disciples meanwhile returned 
to their own homes and to their business, 
fishing. During this interval the first 
3*ear of our Lord's public life closed. 



Luke. 



John. 



CHAPTER IV. 



The Second Pubuc Year. a.d. 28. 



Matt. 



4--I3 



Mark. 



1:14, 15. 



January -April. 

AFTER spending some time in retire- 
ment Jesus went again to Jerusalem to 
the Passover, 1 "a feast of the Jews." 
While at the feast he healed an impotent 
man at the pool of Bethesda on the Sab- 
bath day. This aroused great opposition 
upon the part of the Jews, extending even 
to a conspiracy to take his life. Notwith- 
standing this opposition, Jesus continued 
to teach, speaking very plainly of his 
relation to the Father, of his own work, 
and of the conditions necessary to per- 
sonal salvation. 

Learning about this time that John the 
Baptist had been arrested and thrown into 
prison, Jesus withdrew again to Galilee, 
and on his way passed through Nazareth. 
On the Sabbath he went into the syna- 
gogue, and being accorded the privilege 
of speaking, he read from Isaiah 61 : 1, 2, 
and preached. The people were at first 
greatly delighted ' ' at the words of grace 
which proceeded out of his mouth ' ' 
(Luke), but at length became offended, 
and attempted to cast him headlong over 
the brow of the hill on which the city was 
built. Passing through their midst, he 
went again to Capernaum. He now se- 



Luke. 



John. 



5-r 



x Date offcast, March 30-April 5. (Andrews, p. 189.) 

26 



THE SECOND PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 2o. 



27 



Matt. 


Mark. 


to 






1:16-20. 


4:22. 






1:2 1 


8:14-17. 






to 


4:23-25- 




8:2-4. 




(?) 






z:45> 


9:2 


2:1 



lected this as his home, and entered fully 
upon his ministry in Galilee. 

He proceeded first to re-collect his dis- 
ciples, who, some months before, had 
returned to their homes. 1 In connection 
with this second call occurred the first 
miraculous draught of fishes, which so 
excited Peter that he ' ' fell down at Jesus' 
knees, saying, Depart from me; for I am 
a sinful man, O Lord." Jesus replied, 
"Fear not; from henceforth thou shalt 
catch men" (Luke). After this, Jesus 
went into the S3'nagogues on the Sabbath 
days and taught. On the first Sabbath 
there was a demoniac present in the syna- 
gogue, and Jesus, with a word, healed 
him, to the amazement of all. Afterward 
he retired to the home of Peter, where he 
healed Peter's mother-in-law, and after 
sunset of the same day he healed multi- 
tudes who were suffering from various 
afflictions. 

May- August. 

The next morning, rising very early, 
he went out to a place of seclusion to 
pray. Peter found him at length, and 
urged him to return to Capernaum, as 
the multitudes were waiting to hear him. 
But he replied, " I must preach the good 
tidings of the kingdom of God to the 
other cities also" (Luke), and he started 
on his first circuit through the towns and 
villages about Capernaum. During this 
circuit he taught and healed many. 

At length he returned to Capernaum, 
where great multitudes gathered at once 
to hear him. Many sick were brought 
for healing, among them a paralytic, 



Lake. 



John 



5:11. 



4:32 



5:16. 



4:42-44- 



5:12-15. 
(?) 



1 See page 25. 



28 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



9-9- 



Mark. 



2:23 



who, because of the multitude present, 
was let down into his presence through 
the roof. All were healed. These things, 
while they excited the common people 
greatly in his favor, only served to arouse 
the enmity of the Pharisees, and when 
he announced the forgiveness of the sins 
of the paralytic, they openly charged 
him with blasphemy. At length he with- 
drew to the seashore, where he saw Levi, 
a publican, collecting tribute. Upon 
Jesus' requesting him to become one of 
his disciples, Levi gave up his business 
and followed him. 1 

After the call of Levi, Jesus and his 
disciples, while journeying in and about 
Capernaum, on a certain Sabbath passed 
through a field of wheat or barley. As 
they passed along, the disciples plucked 
a few heads of grain and rubbed them in 
their hands to get the kernels. The 
Pharisees, seeing this, and noticing also 
that Jesus did not reprove the disciples, 
became greatly incensed, because, as they 
claimed, he was tolerating the violation 
of the law of the Sabbath. But Jesus vin- 
dicated the disciples, and in a word taught 
the Pharisees and the world the true doc- 
trine of the Sabbath. "The Sabbath," 
said he, " was made for man, and not man 
for the Sabbath ' ' ( Mark ). On a Sabbath 
following he went into the synagogue 
in Capernaum and taught. There was a 
man present with a withered hand, and 
the Pharisees watched anxiously to see 
whether he would heal him on the Sab- 



Luke. 



John. 



x Some authors place the feast given to Jesus by Levi immediately after Jesus called 
him. But as Matthew puts Levi's feast immediately preceding the raising of Jairus's 
daughter, and connects the two very closely, and as Mark and Luke both place that miracle 
after Jesus' return from Gadara, which, according to all three of the Synoptists, occurred 
some considerable time after the call of Levi, the author prefers to place Levi's feast not in 
immediate connection with his call, but at a later date. See page 32. 



THE SECOND PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 28. 



29 



Matt. 



Chs.5-7 
8:5-13- 



Mark. 



3:12. 



3:i3-i9- 



3:20, 21. 



bath da\-. He did so, and the}- withdrew 
in anger, and with the Herodians, with 
whom they had been at enmity, conspired 
for his destruction. Jesus withdrew again 
to the seashore, where he addressed the 
multitudes from a small vessel, accom- 
panying his teaching with numerous and 
various works of healing. 

After this he withdrew to a mountain, 
evidently not far from Capernaum, where 
he spent the night in prayer. 1 The next 
morning he chose the twelve apostles, and 
upon the assembling of a great multitude 
of people he delivered the Sermon on the 
Mount. After this he returned again to 
Capernaum, where occurred, probably on 
the day of his return, the healing of the 
centurion's servant. The crowds around 
him became so great, and the demands 
upon him so numerous, that he could 
not find time to eat. Learning this, his 
friends sought to get him away from the 
people, saying, "He is beside himself" 
(Mark). 

Shortly after this, accompanied by his 
disciples and a number of others, Jesus 
started on his second circuit through Gal- 
ilee, and on the way came to the city of 
Xain. As they approached the gate of the 
city they met a funeral procession bear- 
ing to burial the only son of a widow. 
Jesus touched the bier and bade the young 
man "Arise," and he was delivered to 
his mother alive. This is the first re- 
corded raising of the dead by our Lord. 

Sept em ber- Decern ber. 

John the Baptist, who had been now 
for several months a prisoner in the fort- 



Luke. 



6:11. 



7:10. 



7:11 



John. 



1 Probably the Horns of Hattin, west of the Sea of Galilee. Some authors prefer 
Mt. Tabor. 



3Q 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



ress of Machaerus, in the southern part 
of Persea, hearing of the wonderful works 
of Jesus, — surprised, it may be, that one 
so mighty should leave his forerunner in 
such distress, — sent two of his disciples 
to ask Jesus, "Art thou he that cometh 
or look we for another? " (I,uke.) They 
found Jesus some time after the miracle 
at Nain, probably } r et in that vicinity, 
and propounded to him the question given 
them by John. Instead of answering di- 
rectty, Jesus cited his words and works 
in proof of his person and character. 
After their departure Jesus pronounced 
a most glowing compliment upon the 
character and work of John the Baptist, 
but added the significant remark, "He 
that is least in the kingdom of God is 
greater than he." Following this, he 
began "to upbraid the cities wherein 
most of his mighty works were done, 
because they repented not" (Matthew). 
Closely related to these events, prob- 
ably both as to time and place, occurred 
another most interesting incident. Jesus 
was invited by one Simon, a Pharisee, to 
dine with him. While at the table eating, 
a woman with an unenviable reputation 
came in, and standing behind the Sav- 
iour, washed his feet with her tears and 
wiped them with her loosely flowing hair, 
and following this, kissed his feet and 
anointed him. The fact that Jesus allowed 
a woman of such character to take such 
liberties, offended the Pharisee. Jesus, 
knowing his feelings, spoke to him the 
parable of the Two Debtors, in which he 
most positively, yet most beautifully and 
tenderly, revealed to the Pharisee and to 
the world his hatred of hypocrisy and 
his unconquerable love for penitent sin- 



Luke. John 



7-35- 



7-36 



THE SECOND PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 28. 



Matt. 


Mark. 


12:22 
to 

13=52- 


3:22 
to 


8:18 





tiers. Then turning to the woman, he 
said, "Thy faith hath saved thee; go in 
peace" (Matthew). 

Following this, he continued his travels 
through Galilee, ' ' preaching and bring- 
ing the good tidings of the kingdom of 
God" (Luke), being accompanied by the 
Twelve, a number of devout women, and 
man\* others. 

At length he returned to Capernaum, 
where was brought to him one possessed 
of a devil, blind and dumb. Jesus at once 
healed him, greatly to the amazement 
of all. Certain scribes from Jerusalem, 
upon hearing of the miracle, became 
enraged, and charged him with being in 
league with Beelzebub, the prince of the 
devils, a charge repeated a number of 
times afterward. Jesus rebuked them in 
very plain and forcible language, and to 
their request for a sign, referred them 
to the sign of the prophet Jonas. While 
he was speaking, his mother and his 
brethren sought for him, and to the mul- 
titude he announced that his true kindred 
are those who do the will of God. On 
the same day he went out by the seaside, 
and when the multitudes came together 
he entered a boat and taught them, utter- 
ing the first group of parables recorded: 
the Sower, the Tares, the Mustard Seed, 
the Leaven, the Hid Treasure, the Goodly 
Pearl, and the Draw-net. They may or 
the}* may not all have been spoken on 
one day. Some of them seem to have 
been spoken to the disciples only. 

Toward evening Jesus proposed to cross 
to the other side of the sea, and while 
they were preparing to do so, he held 
a conversation with a certain scribe and 
one of his disciples concerning "follow- 



Luke. John 



8:4 



8:18. 



9:57-60. 



32 



JESUS THE NAZARKNE. 



Matt. 


Mark 




4:35 


to 






to 


9:1. 


5:21. 


9:10 


2:15 


to 


to 




% 



ing" him. At length, having dismissed 
the multitude, he entered the boat, and 
with the Twelve, started to the other side 
of the sea. Being weary, Jesus soon fell 
asleep. A storm arose very suddenly and 
greatly terrified the disciples. They awoke 
him, and at his word, "Peace, be still," 
the storm ceased. The disciples won- 
dered very greatly at the fact that ' ' even 
the wind and the sea obey him" (Mark). 
They landed, probably early in the morn- 
ing, at a village named Gergesa (now 
Kersa), situated close to the shore, and 
near which the mountain, with a rapid 
descent, comes close to the water's edge. 
Here he was met by two demoniacs ' ' com- 
ing forth out of the tombs, exceeding 
fierce, so that no man could pass by that 
way" (Matthew). At the request of the 
evil spirits they were permitted, after leav- 
ing the men, to enter into a herd of swine 
feeding near by. The result was that the 
swine ran down the hillside into the sea 
and perished. Angered at the loss of the 
swine, rather than pleased at the healing 
of the demoniacs, the Gergesenes at once 
besought Jesus to depart out of their 
coasts. Having commissioned one of the 
healed demoniacs to return to his home 
and tell how great things the Lord had 
done for him, Jesus and the Twelve again 
entered the boat and sailed for the other 
side, where he was gladly received. 

Upon his return to Capernaum he was 
immediately met by a great multitude 
of people. While here he accepted an 
invitation to a feast prepared by Levi, 
the former publican. During the feast 
he was assailed by the scribes and Phari- 
sees for eating with publicans and sin- 
ners. He replied that his mission was 



Luke. 
8:22 



John 



8:40. 



5:29 



THE SECOND PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 28. 



33 



Matt. 



Mark. 



9 :ij. 
9:18 



9:26. 
9:27 



5:43- 



not to the good, but to the bad; not to 
the righteous, but to sinners. The dis- 
ciples of John, some of whom were 
present, wanted an explanation of the 
feasting of his disciples as contrasted 
with the fasting of the disciples of John. 
The answer given reveals the first shadow 
of the cross. 

^Tiile the feast was progressing, Jairus, 
a ruler of the sjmagogue, entered and 
asked that Jesus would come and heal 
his daughter, who was then dying. Jesus 
started to go with him. On the way a 
woman, afflicted grievousl} T for twelve 
3*ears, pressed her way through the crowd, 
anxious that she might have opportunity 
if it were but to touch the hem of his 
garment. She touched him, and was at 
once healed. Jesus, noticing that "vir- 
tue had gone out of him," turned and 
commended her for her faith. While he 
spoke with her, word was brought that 
Jairus' s daughter was already dead; but 
he proceeded to the house, assuring her 
father that all would be well. At the 
house, he took with him Peter, James, 
and John, with the father and mother, 
and in their presence raised the young 
woman to life. This miracle, as might 
be expected, excited the amazement of 
all far and near. 

On the way homeward he was followed 
by two blind men, who went into the 
house after him, crying, "Have mercy 
on us, thou son of David" (Matthew). 
After asking them whether they believed 
him able to heal them, and receiving an 
affirmative reply, he touched their eyes 
and healed them. As these departed 
' ' there was brought to him a dumb man 
possessed with a devil" (Matthew), and 



Luke. 



John. 



S-39- 
8:4.1 



8:56. 



34 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



9'34- 



Mark. 



he healed him. As the multitudes looked 
on in amazement they said, ' ' It was never 
so seen in Israel. But the Pharisees said, 
By the prince of the devils casteth he out 
devils." 



Luke. 



John. 



With these events we are brought to the close of the second year 
of our Iyord's public life, and find him all the while growing in 
favor with the masses of the people, but, as well, ever exciting the 
Pharisees to a higher pitch of enmity. 



CHAPTER V. 



The Third Public Year. a.d. 29. 



Matt. 


Mark. 


*3'53S 8 


6:1 
to 

6:13. 


9-35 

to 
10:42. 




14:1 


6:14 



January -March. 

Shortly after the opening of the third 
3-ear of his ministry, Jesns went again to 
Nazareth, accompanied by his disciples. 
On the Sabbath day he entered the syn- 
agogue and began to teach. But the 
people, contrasting his claim to be the 
Messiah with the facts of his humble 
origin, began to find fault, and he turned 
awa}* and left them. 1 After leaving Naz- 
areth he went again through the sur- 
rounding villages teaching. During this 
journey he sent out the Twelve to heal 
and to preach. Meanwhile Jesus contin- 
ued his own work. 

April. 

About this time, on Herod's birthday, 
occurred the beheading of John the Bap- 
tist in answer to the request of the 
vicious Herodias. The news of the sad 
occurrence was brought to Jesus by the 
disciples of John. Shortly afterward the 
Twelve returned to Jesus at C^ernaum. 

For some time now, Jesus sought a life 
of privacy with his disciples, rather than 
of public manifestation. With this in 
view he withdrew, after the return of the 
Twelve, and went to the east side of the 



Luke. 



9:1-6. 



John. 



1 Some writers consider this rejection identical with that recited on page 26, but, in 
the opinion of the author, without good reason. 

35 



36 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



to 



Mark. 



to 



14:21. 



14:22 



6:44. 



6:45 



Sea of Galilee to ' ' rest awhile ' ' ( Mark ). 
But he could not be hid, for the multitude, 
noticing his course, went on foot around 
the head of the sea and ' ' outwent them ' ' ; 
so that when Jesus and his disciples landed 
not far from Bethsaida Julias, they found 
a multitude already gathered. Jesus spent 
the day in teaching thein, and in the 
evening was moved with compassion 
"because they were as sheep not having 
a shepherd" (Mark); and he closed the 
day with the wonderful miracle, the feed- 
ing of five thousand men, besides women 
and children, with five loaves and two 
fishes. 1 

After Jesus had fed the multitude they 
were anxious to take him by force and 
make him king; 2 but he sent them and 
the disciples away, and himself withdrew 
into the mountain to pray. The disciples 
started across the sea in the boat. During 
the night their progress was hindered by 
a storm. Toward morning Jesus came to 
them walking on the sea. Not knowing 
him at first, they were frightened, but when 
Jesus said, "Be of good cheer; it is I; be 
not afraid" (Matthew), they were so en- 
couraged that Peter, in response to Jesus' 
permission, started to walk to him on the 
water. He succeeded well until he turned 
his eyes upon the waves, when he began to 
sink. In answer to his cry, "I,ord, save 
me" (Matthew), Jesus reached forth his 
hand and rescued him. They entered the 
boat and soon reached the shore, finding 
themselves in the land of Gennesaret, 
south of Capernaum. Immediately many 



Luke. 



John, 



9:17. 



6:21. 



1 This miracle occurred about the time of the Passover. It seems that Jesus did not 
attend this Passover. 

2 This event marks the point at which the popularity of Jesus with the common people 
reached its highest point. He was never popular with the rulers and Pharisees. 



THE THIRD PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 29. 



37 



Matt. 



14:36. 



Mark. 



sick people were brought to him, and he 
healed them; some were healed by only 
touching his clothes. 

Meanwhile those whom he had fed the 
day before hurried back to Capernaum. 
Leaving Gennesaret, Jesus and the Twelve 
returned to Capernaum also, where he 
addressed the expectant crowd in a dis- 
course of great beaut}-, but in which, 
greatry to the confusion of the multitude, 
he denominated himself "the bread of 
life" (John), of which man must eat in 
order to attain to eternal life. It made no 
difference that he told them afterward that 
the words which he spoke were "spirit" 
and "life." The explanation was of no 
avail. The Jews were offended, as were 
also a number of his disciples, several of 
whom refused to follow him any longer. 
As he saw them turn awa}", Jesus addressed 
the Twelve with the inquiry, "Would 
ye also go away?" and received from 
Peter the beautiful and forcible repl}-: 
"Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast 
the words of eternal life. And we have 
believed and know that thou art the H0I3- 
One of God" (John). Following this, 
Jesus pointed out to them the fact that 
though he had chosen them all, yet one 
of them was a " devil." 

May-Septem ber. 

About this time a company of scribes 
and Pharisees from Jerusalem gathered 
about the Saviour, and objected to his 
allowing his disciples to eat without first 
washing their hands, thus disregarding 
the traditions. Jesus replied to them 
kindly, yet with a severe rebuke to their 
ill-concealed hypocris3\ 



Luke. 



John. 



6:71. 



38 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



15:28. 



15:29 



Mark. 



Again desiring retirement, he left Ca- 
pernaum with his disciples and withdrew 
to the region of Tyre and Sidon in Phoe- 
nicia. x His presence soon became known , 
and a woman of that section came to him 
with the request that he heal her demon- 
iac daughter. For a while he seemed to 
refuse her request, saying, "It is not 
meet to take the children's bread and 
cast it to the dogs." But upon receiving 
her reply, "Yea, L,ord: for even the dogs 
eat of the crumbs which fall from their 
master's table," he replied, "O woman, 
great is thy faith" (Matthew), and healed 
her daughter. 

At length he left this region and re- 
turned through the Decapolis to a moun- 
tain on the east side of the Sea of Galilee. 
Here again great multitudes assembled 
as soon as his presence became known, 
bringing with them many in need of 
healing, and he healed them. The peo- 
ple were very greatly surprised as they 
witnessed these manifestations of power, 
but their surprise was still greater when, 
after three days' continuance with him, 
he fed four thousand men, besides women 
and children, with seven loaves and a 
few little fishes. He then sent the people 
away, and taking ship returned to the 
coasts of Magdala and Dalmanutha, vil- 
lages on the west side of the sea, not far 
from Capernaum. After this he was met 
at Capernaum by a number of scribes and 
Pharisees, who demanded a confirmation 
of his authority by some "sign." He 
replied, referring them to the sign of 
the prophet Jonah. Again he departed 
by boat to the east side of the sea, and 
on the way warned his disciples of the 



Luke. John 



This was his only visit to heathen territory. 



THE THIRD PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 29. 



39 



Matt. 
16:12. 


Mark. 
8:26. 


16:13 
to 

16:28. 


8:27 
to 

9:1. 
9:2 

to 


17.1 
to 



danger of the leaven— the teachings— of 
the Pharisees and Saddncees. Corning 
to Bethsaida Julias he was met by a blind 
man, who, in being healed, was able first 
to see men, "as trees, walking" (Mark). 

Again desiring a season of retirement, 
he took the Twelve and started to the re- 
gion of Csesarea Philippi. On the way he 
inquired of the disciples, "Who do men 
say that the Son of man is ? " Peter an- 
swered, expressing the belief of the disci- 
ples, "Thou art the Christ, the Son of the 
living God" (Matthew). Continuing to 
speak with his disciples, he surprised 
them greatly by telling them of his hav- 
ing to suffer a violent death, and of the 
certainty of his resurrection. Peter's un- 
willingness to hear these words led him 
to reply to Jesus in such a manner as to 
call forth from the Master a severe re- 
buke. After this Jesus spoke to them 
very plainly as to the conduct of those 
who would be his disciples. 

About a week later the Transfiguration 
occurred. * Only Peter, James, and John 
were permitted to witness this wonderful 
scene, when ' ' His face did shine as the 
sun, and his garments became white as 
the light" (Matthew). Upon coining 
down from the mountain after the Trans- 
figuration, the father of a lunatic child 
came to Jesus, requesting that he heal 
his child. The disciples had attempted 
to give relief, but found the case one 
beyond their control. At the word of 
Jesus relief was immediately realized. 
After the Transfiguration they crossed 
over the Jordan near its sources and re- 
turned through Galilee to Capernaum. 



Luke. 



■iS 



John. 



l The place of the Trans6guration was probably Mount Hermon, one of the southern 
peaks of the Lebanon Mountains. 



4 o 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 
17:23. 
17:24 



18:35. 



Mark. 
9:32- 



9-33 



9:50- 



On the way lie spoke again concerning 
his death and resurrection. 

At Capernaum the collector of the tem- 
ple tax of half a shekel came to Peter and 
asked whether their master was not ac- 
customed to pay this tax. Peter replied 
in the affirmative. Jesus afterward in- 
quired of Peter whether it was customary 
with kings to collect taxes of their own 
sons, or of strangers. Upon receiving 
from Peter the answer that they collected 
of strangers, and not of those of their 
own house, Jesus replied, "Therefore the 
sons are free." But lest he should give 
offense he sent Peter to the sea, with the 
direction, "Cast a hook, and take up the 
fish that first cometh up; and when thou 
hast opened his mouth thou shalt find a 
shekel; that take and give unto them for 
me and thee" (Matthew). Following this, 
Jesus spoke of those who are greatest in 
the kingdom of heaven, and illustrated his 
teaching by a little child. Continuing 
he spoke of "offences" and of "forgive- 
ness," closing with the parables of the 
Lost Sheep and the Unmerciful Servant. 

October- Decern ber. 

About this time Jesus sent his disciples 
to Jerusalem to attend the feast of Taber- 
nacles, and a few days later went up 
himself, "not publicly, but as it were in 
secret" (John). 1 



Luke. Joh 



9:46-50 



1 From the point that we have now reached in the Saviour's life, until the beginning 
of Passion Week, the order of the events is quite uncertain, and it is exceedingly difficult 
to decide on an arrangement with satisfaction. This results from the following considera- 
tions: 1. Neither Matthew nor Mark gives any record of this period. 2. Luke and John, 
who give all the record we have, narrate but very little, if indeed anything, in common. 
3. They give nothing to indicate where one supplements the other. A few things we learn 
quite definitely from John : (1) Jesus attended the feast of Tabernacles, October 11-18. (2) 
He attended the feast of Dedication, December 20-27. (3) Immediately after the feast of 
Dedication he withdrew to Bethabara, across the Jordan. (4) After some time he returned 



THE THIRD PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 20. 



41 



Matt. • Mark 



At the feast of Tabernacles Jesus taught 
in the temple, and the Jews took offense, 
ostensibly because at the feast of the 
Passover a year and a half before, he had 
healed an impotent man at the pool of 
Bethesda on the Sabbath. But Jesus con- 
tinued his teaching, and many of the 
people became deeply interested in his 
doctrine. This excited the priests and 
Pharisees still more, and they sent officers 
to arrest him. But these returned, with 
the reply, " Never man so spake" (John). 
Even more were his enemies aroused when 
Nicodemus, a member of the Sanhedrin, 
who had come to Jesus by night two and 
one-half years before, asked the seemingh T 
favorable question, ' ' Doth our law judge 
a man, except it first hear him for himself 
and know what he doeth?" This caused 
the enemies of Jesus to turn upon Nico- 
demus with the demand: "Art thou also 
of Galilee? Search, and see that out of 
Galilee ariseth no prophet" (John). 



Luke. John 



7:52. 



to Bethany to raise Lazarus. ( 5 ) Immediately after this he withdrew to Ephraim, where 
he seems to have remained until time to go to the Passover. Luke narrates a number of 
events that seem to have occurred during this same period, none of which are named by 
John. The record of these events occupies the Gospel of Luke between chapters 9 : 51 and 
13:35. In this record he mentions a journey from Galilee to Jerusalem, which was pre- 
announced by "the seventy," and therefore so public that it does not seem reasonable 
to identify it with the journey to the feast of Tabernacles named by John, which was 
made "in secret." These two journeys to Jerusalem necessitate an intervening return 
journey, although no such return is recorded. So hold Andrews, Farrar, Ebrard, Lichten- 
stein, Greswell, and others. This is the theory accepted by the author of this work. 

But accepting this much as determined, it yet remains to arrange the events named by 
Luke in harmony and connection with those given by John. In doing this the position is 
taken that following the feast of Tabernacles Jesus returned to Galilee, of which return we 
have no record, and that the journey to Jerusalem recorded by Luke as occurring at this 
period, is the journey to the feast of the Dedication, the last journey made from Galilee to 
Jerusalem, and that this journey was made through Persea, or Judsea beyond Jordan. 
( See Matt. 19 : 1; Mark 10:1; Alford on Luke 9 151; Andrews's "Life of Our Lord," pp. 366- 
385; Farrar's "Life of Christ," pp. 274-282.) 

This journey perhaps occupied considerable time, and we are not sure that Luke 
narrates the events that he gives in the order of their occurrence. One event, the 
healing of the lepers, which he narrates much later, should, in the opinion of the 
author, be placed as occurring during this journej-, as we have no evidence that after this 
Jesus "passed through the midst of Samaria and Galilee" (Luke 17:11). 



42 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



Jesus then withdrew to the Mount of 
Olives, where he spent the night, prob- 
ably in the home of Mary, Martha, and 
I^azarus. Early the next morning he 
returned to the temple, where occurred 
the incident of the woman taken in adul- 
tery. 1 After this Jesus continued his 
plain and forcible teaching. He reproved 
the Jews sharply for their claiming to be 
the children of Abraham while they did 
none of the works of Abraham, and 
closed with the assertion to the Jews 
so remarkable, "Before Abraham was, I 
am." This claim to superiority over even 
Abraham they were not slow to under- 
stand; it enraged them so that they 
attempted at once to stone him, as guilty 
of blasphemy. Passing out from them 
and out of the temple, he met a man 
blind from his birth. The disciples in- 
quired whether this blindness was the 
result of the man's own sin or the sin 
of his parents. Jesus replied that it was 
not because of the sin of either, "but 
that the works of God should be made 
manifest in him." He then spat on the 
ground and took of the moistened clay, 
and with it anointed the man's eyes, and 
directed him to wash in the pool of Si- 
loam. The man returned from the wash- 
ing in full possession of his sight. As 
this also occurred on a Sabbath day, the 
Pharisees again became greatly aroused, 
and instituted a rigid investigation of 
the case, resulting in the excommuni- 
cation of the fortunate unfortunate. He 
afterward met Jesus and accepted him 
as the Son of God. The Saviour contin- 



Luke. 



John. 



7=53 



1 This incident is omitted entirely from many of the ancient manuscripts, and is con- 
sidered questionable as to its genuineness by Alford, Andrews, and others ; it is bracketed 
in the Revised Version. 



THE THIRD PUBLIC YEAR. A.D. 29. 



43 



Matt. 



Mark. 



19:12. 



ued to teach the people, and in his address 
spoke the parable of the Good Shepherd. 

After the feast Jesus returned to Gali- 
lee. We next meet liim ' ' when the da}~s 
were well-nigh come that he should be 
received up," and "he stedfastly set his 
face to go to Jerusalem." His intention 
was to go through Samaria, but as the 
messengers sent before him were rejected, 
he turned aside to cross over into Persea. 
His rejection hy a Samaritan village 
excited James and John to request the 
privilege of commanding fire to fall from 
heaven and consume them, as Elijah had 
once done. But Jesus rebuked the disci- 
ples, and turned aside to another village. 

During his journe3 T eastward, on the 
borders of Samaria and Galilee occurred 
the incident of the healing of the ten 
lepers, only one of whom returned to 
give glory to God for the favor conferred, 
and he a Samaritan. On the way Jesus 
spoke to one who proposed to become his 
disciple, but who wished to go first and 
bury his father. About this time, or it 
may be before leaving Galilee, occurred 
the sending out of "the seventy." The 
length of time occupied in their mission 
is not given; the field of their activity 
seems to have been Peraea. 

Many other interesting events occurred 
during this final journe}' from Galilee. 
A lawyer inquired the wa} T of life, and in 
replying to him Jesus gave the parable 
of the Good Samaritan. His disciples 
asked him to teach them to pray, and he 
taught them the Lord's Prayer, first given 
in the Sermon on the Mount, and added 
the parable of the Friend at Midnight. He 
healed one who was dumb and possessed 
of an evil spirit, and in vindicating him- 



Luke. 




John. 
10:21. 



44 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



self replied again to the charge that he 
wrought his miracles by the help of 
Beelzebub. To a woman who pronounced 
the mother of Jesus specially blessed, he 
replied that the greater blessing is to 
those who hear and keep the w T ord of God. 
He spoke also to a great crowd in reproof 
of their demanding "a sign." A Phari- 
see requested him to dine with him, and 
was greatly surprised to see Jesus sit down 
to eat without first washing his hands, 
according to Jewish custom. This fur- 
nished the Saviour opportunity to speak 
very plainly and forcibly of their formal- 
ism and hypocrisy. A lawyer complained 
because his words also condemned them, 
and Jesus replied to him in language no 
less positive. Meanwhile a great multi- 
tude gathered to hear him, and he again 
warned his disciples against the leaven — 
the doctrine -of the Pharisees. One of 
the company requested that Jesus would 
direct his brothers to make a proper divi- 
sion of their inheritance, and Jesus, in 
replying, gave the parable of the Rich 
Fool, and urged the importance of seek- 
ing first the kingdom of God. 

As he journeyed on the way, some per- 
sons came to him with a report of certain 
Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled 
with the sacrifices at the temple, and in 
replying to them he spoke the parable 
of the Barren Fig Tree. On a Sabbath, 
while teaching in a synagogue, he healed 
a woman who had been afflicted for eight- 
een years. The ruler of the synagogue 
complained of his working on the Sab- 
bath, and Jesus replied to him, justifying 
his own conduct and strongly reproving 
the hypocrisy of the Pharisee. Continu- 
ing his teaching he spoke the parables of 



Luke. 1 John. 



12:59. 



13:1 



THE THIRD PUBLIC YEAR. 



A.D. 



2 9 . 



45 



Matt. 



Mark. 



the Mustard Seed and the Leaven, and 
urged strongl}- the importance of heart 
service as the only true service of God. 
Some Pharisees came to him, warning 
him of the enmity of Herod and of his 
desire to kill Jesus, and he replied, stating 
his purpose to go to Jerusalem, closing 
with a solemn lamentation over the fate 
of that city. 

He arrived at Jerusalem in time for the 
feast of the Dedication. 1 At some time 
during the feast he was walking in Solo- 
mon's Porch, a long portico at the eastern 
side of the temple area, and the Jews 
asked him to declare plain!}- whether he 
was the Messiah. Jesus replied, calling 
attention to his works as evidence of his 
character and mission, and chided them 
for their unbelief in the presence of all 
that they had seen and heard. During 
his conversation with them he said, "I 
and the Father are one," and they at 
once took up stones to stone him. He 
still continued to reason with them, but 
they became the more enraged, and he 
withdrew and went across the Jordan to 
Bethabara, where John at first baptized. 
During his attendance at the feast of 
Dedication he seems to have visited the 
home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus at 
Bethany. 



Luke. John 



I3:35- 



10:38-42 



This feast occurred December 20-27. (Andrews, p. 367. 



CHAPTER VI. 



Three Months in Seclusion, a.d. 30. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



January- March . 

Just how long Jesus remained in Beth- 
abara is not known. The people, learning 
of his presence in their midst, came in 
great numbers to see and hear him. John, 
who mentions the withdrawal of Jesus 
thither, gives no record of what occurred 
while he remained there. The record of 
Ivuke names some events that probabty 
occurred at this time, and as the result of 
which, along with the teaching of Jesus, 
many were led to believe. 

A chief Pharisee invited Jesus to a 
feast at his house on the Sabbath day. 
Finding there a man afflicted with the 
dropsy Jesus healed him, and vindicated 
his act so strongly that the Pharisees 
and lawyers present could find no further 
ground of complaint. Taking advantage 
of the occasion, he spoke the parable 
of the Great Supper. Great multitudes 
gathered about him, and knowing that 
they had no proper conception of his 
service, he spoke strongly of the neces- 
sity of self-denial upon the part of those 
who would be his disciples. 

Many publicans and sinners gathered 
about him, and he showed his regard for 
them by eating with them. This again 
aroused the scribes and Pharisees, and in 
answering their criticisms he spoke three 
parables — the I^ost Sheep, the L,ost Piece 

46 



Luke. 



John. 



10:40-42 



THREE MONTHS IN SECLUSION. A.D. 



47 



Matt. Mark 



*9-3 



of Money, and the Prodigal Son. To the 
disciples he spoke the parable of the 
Unjust Steward; as the Pharisees were 
listening, he spoke to them of the sanc- 
tity of the law, and added the parable of 
the Rich Man and Lazarus. Addressing 
his disciples again, he spoke of offenses, 
forgiveness, and faith. The Pharisees 
inquired when the kingdom of God should 
come, and he replied, teaching them that 
the important thing is not knowledge of 
the time of its coming, but readiness for 
its appearance. He then added two par- 
ables — the Unjust Judge, and the Pharisee 
and Publican. 

It was about this time that he was 
called to Bethany to heal Lazarus. He 
tarried, however, two days after the call 
came; during this time Lazarus died. 
Then, accompanied by his disciples, prob- 
ably the Twelve, though others may have 
been with him, he returned to Bethany. 
The story of his meeting with the broken- 
hearted sisters, and of the wonderful 
manner in which Lazarus was restored 
to life, forms a most beautiful and touch- 
ing part of the Gospel by John. But 
the enmity of the Pharisees was again 
aroused. A meeting of the Sanhedrin 
was quickly called, and Caiaphas, the 
high priest, argued that the life of the 
nation demanded the death of Jesus; he 
uttered a great truth, but one that was 
not understood by him or them. They at 
once put in operation plans to attain this 
end, but Jesus, knowing their purposes, 
withdrew again from them and went to 
Ephraim. Here he remained for some 
time in retirement with his disciples; we 
have no record of what occurred. 

At length the time of the Passover I 



Luke. 
17:10. 


Joh n . 


JJ.-20 

to 

18:14. 






ii: 1 
to 







48 



JESUS THE NAZARi: 



Matt. 



20:34. 



Mark. 



10:31. 



drew near, and Jesus started on his last 
journey to Jerusalem. On the way tie 
spoke of the lawfulness of divorce. After 
this little children were brought to him 
for his blessing; and although the disci- 
ples objected to their being brought, he 
said, "Suffer the little children to come 
unto me; forbid them not: for of such is 
the kingdom of God" (Mark). "And 
he took them in his arms, and blessed 
them, laying his hands upon them" 
(Mark). A rich young ruler, perhaps of 
the synagogue, x accosted him in relation 
to the conditions on which eternal life 
may be attained. Upon being taught the 
necessity of extreme self-denial , the young 
man withdrew with a sad heart, and even 
the disciples were led to say, in wonder, 
' ' Then who can be saved ? " ( Luke.) After 
this he spoke the parable of the Laborers 
in the Vineyard. To the disciples he 
announced the near approach of his death 
at the hands of his enemies, and also 
assured them of his resurrection. At 
some point in the journey the mother 
of James and John came to him with the 
request that her sons be given positions 
of special honor in his kingdom about to 
be set up, as they supposed. 2 His reply 
informed her that they should expect 
lives of service and trial rather than of 
position and honor. 

As he approached Jericho two blind 
men besought him for healing, and he 
answered their request; the name of one 
of them was Bartimeus. At Jericho he 
lodged in the home of one Zaccheus, a 



Luke. John. 




1 See Alford on Luke 18 : 18. 

2 Geikie holds that James and John were cousins of our L,ord, and that this request 
may have been made on the ground of relationship. (See "New Testament Hours," 
pp. 70, 72.) 



THREE MONTHS IN SECLUSION. A.D. 30. 



49 



Matt. Mark 



chief publican. As Jesus passed b3^, Zac- 
cheus, being of small stature, climbed up 
into a S3*camore tree in order that he 
might see Jesus, as he was surrounded by 
the multitude. Jesus, seeing him, called 
him to come down, as he intended to lodge 
in his house. At this the enemies of Jesus 
took offense, because, as they said, "he 
is gone in to lodge with a man that is 
a sinner" (Luke). As he was leaving 
the city the next day he spoke the parable 
of the Pounds. The narrative indicates 
that on this same evening, "six days 
before the passover" (John), Friday, 
Xisan 8, March 31, 1 he arrived at Beth- 
any, the home of Mary, Martha, and 
Lazarus. He seems to have made his home 
with them during the week following. 



Luke. 



John. 



19:28. 



Andrews, p. 422. Farrar, p. 325. 



CHAPTER VII. 



Passion Week. 



Matt. 



26:6 



Mark. 



14:3 



to 



26:13. 



to 



14:9' 




Saturday {Sabbath), Nisan 9, April 1. 

JESUS spent the day in Bethany, and 
was given a supper 1 at the "house of 
Simon the leper" (Matthew), at which 
Martha served, Lazarus also being pres- 
ent. During the feast, Mary, the sister of 
Lazarus and Martha, washed the feet of 
Jesus with her tears, and with a box 
of very costly ointment anointed both 
his head and his feet. Judas took ex- 
ception to the seeming waste, but Jesus 
commended Mary, saying that she had 
come beforehand to anoint his body for 
burial. On this same day, toward even- 
ing, many of the Jews who had come to 
Jerusalem to attend the Passover came 
out to Bethany to see Jesus, and Lazarus, 
whom Jesus had recently raised to life. 
This growing interest in Lazarus became 
a source of annoyance to the rulers, be- 
cause it was promoting belief in Jesus; as 
a consequence they turned against Laz- 
arus and sought to take his life. 

Sunday, Nisan 10, April 2. 

Toward evening Jesus started to go into 
Jerusalem. When he arrived at Beth- 
phage he sent two of his disciples into 
the village to find an ass and a colt, 
which they were to bring for his use. 



Luke. 



John. 




1 Matthew and Mark seem to place this feast several days later, but careful attention to 
the records will reveal the indication that they do not claim to give the exact time. 

50 



PASSION WEEK. 



51 



Matt. 


Ma rk . 


to 






to 


21:11. 






IT: 11. 




II: 12 


21.18,19 




21:12 


to 



The beasts were brought, and seating 
himself on the colt, he made what is 
termed his triumphal entry into Jeru- 
salem. He was preceded by a great 
multitude of people who, with great 
demonstrations of delight, welcomed him 
as the son of David coming in the name 
of the Lord. This of course aroused the 
Pharisees anew, and they requested Jesus 
to order the people to desist; but he re- 
plied, "If these shall hold their peace, 
the stones will cry out" (Luke). Not- 
withstanding all these expressions of 
interest, when Jesus drew near the city, 
presumably as he gained the first view of 
the temple from the summit of Olivet, he 
wept, and bewailed the fate of both peo- 
ple and city. After reaching the city he 
went into the temple and simply looked 
about on what was to be seen, and re- 
turned to Bethany. 

Monday, Nisan u, April 3. 

In the morning Jesus returned to the 
city with the disciples. It seems that he 
had not taken breakfast, for on the way 
he was hungry; he may have spent the 
night in prayer, terminating in a fast. 
On the way he saw a fig tree at some 
distance. Although it was not the time 
for figs, he went to see whether it bare 
any, and finding none, 1 he said, "Let 
there be no fruit from thee henceforward 
for ever ' ' ( Matthew ). He then proceeded 
to the city, and found in the temple the 
same desecration of God's house that he 
had rebuked so emphatically three years 



Luke. Jo/m 



to 




12:19. 



1 "The tree was precocious in being clothed with leaves; and if it had had on it winter 
Jigs, which remain on from autumn, and ripen early the next season, they would have 
been ripe at this time. But there were none— it was a barren tree."—Alford on Mark 11:13. 



52 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 


Mark. 


to 






11:18. 


21:17, 


u:zg. 




11:20 


21:20 


to 






to 



before. Seeing this, he again rebuked 
them, and drove out those who were 
buying and selling offerings for sacrifice, 
and overturned the tables of the money 
brokers who were there exchanging the 
temple coins for those of commerce. The 
scribes and Pharisees were again aroused 
at this seemingly unwarranted assump- 
tion of authority, but were evidently held 
in check by the approval that he received 
from the people; even the children cried 
out, "Hosanna to the son of David" 
(Matthew). He returned again to Beth- 
any to spend the night. 

Tuesday, Nisan 12, April 4, 

Was crowded with interesting events. 
On their way to the city in the morning, 
Jesus and the disciples passed again by 
the fig tree, and the disciples were sur- 
prised to see it withered and dying. When 
they spoke of it to Jesus, he used the cir- 
cumstance to teach them the importance 
and the potency of faith. 

Upon his arrival at the temple the chief 
priests and scribes demanded his author- 
ity for what he had done, referring, no 
doubt, to the authoritative manner in 
which he had cleansed the temple the 
day before. He gave them no definite 
reply, undoubtedly intending to say by 
his conduct that his acts were the seal 
of his authority. He then spoke to them 
in parables, uttering the Two Sons, the 
Wicked Husbandmen, and the Marriage of 
the King's Son. He was afterward ques- 
tioned in relation to the payment of trib- 
ute to Caesar, the resurrection, the chief 
commandment, and the Messiah, the effort 
being in each case to entangle him so 



Luke. 



John. 



19:48. 



PASSION WEEK. 



53 



Matt. 



Mark. 



23-39- 



12:44. 



24:1 



13:1 



as to find some pretext for proceeding 
against him . But to all of these inquiries 
he gave such answers that they could 
only marvel at the wisdom with which 
he spoke. "And no man after that durst 
ask him any question ' ' ( Mark ). He then 
proceeded to warn his disciples against 
the scribes and Pharisees, pronouncing 
against them many and grievous woes 
because of their unjustifiable hypocrisy. 

While sitting in the court of the wo- 
men, Jesus looked up at the worshipers 
as they deposited their gifts in the treas- 
ure chests placed there for their reception. 
Among others there came a poor widow, 
whose offering did not exceed in value 
one-twelfth of a cent, and as she depos- 
ited it the Lord commended her as giving 
more than all the others,— it was all she 
had. Certain Greeks, Gentile "prose- 
lytes of the gate," desired to see him, 
but his answer indicates that he knew 
that the motive behind their anxiety was 
simply a feeling of curiosity, and hence 
not particularly worthy of encourage- 
ment. Jesus was now occupied with 
thoughts of his approaching death, and 
as he spoke of this, and uttered a short 
prayer, there came an audible voice from 
heaven testifying to his character and 
work. He continued to speak of the 
importance of accepting, and the danger 
of rejecting, the true Light. Many of 
the rulers were led to believe on him. 

Shortly after this he left the temple for 
the last time. As they were passing out 
the disciples called his attention to the 
splendor of the building. This caused 
him to speak at length of the awful fate 
awaiting both city and temple. At length 
reaching the Mount of Olives, the disci- 



Luke. 



John. 



12:50. 



21:5 



54 



JESUS THE NAZARENE). 



Matt. 



Mark. 



26:5. 



26: 14-16 



I3--37- 



26:17 



26:20. 



pies asked a further explanation, desiring 
to know especially the time of these 
events. This led Jesus to speak in a 
strange, almost enigmatical strain, in 
which he so combined his statements re- 
specting the destruction- of Jerusalem and 
respecting his own second coming, that it 
is for us to-day quite difficult, if not im- 
possible, to separate them. He then spoke 
two parables,— the Ten Virgins and the 
Talents,— closing with some statements 
relative to his betrayal. After this the}' 
went to Bethany and stayed all night. It 
was probably on this evening that Judas 
bargained with the chief priests for his 
betrayal. 1 

Wednesday, Nisan ij, April 5. 

He seems to have spent this day in 
Bethany in quiet. 2 

Thursday, Nisan 14, April 6. 

THE PASSOVER. 

This proved to be the most eventful 
day of all thus far; however, not much 
occurred until evening. During most of 
the day Jesus remained at Bethany. He 
sent Peter and John into the city, prob- 
ably in the earlier part of the day, to 
prepare the Passover for him and the 
Twelve, indicating to them how they 
should find a suitable room. In the 
evening, with the remaining ten, he went 
into the city, and proceeded directly to 
the room where the feast was prepared. 
At some time during the evening, it may 
be while they were deciding the places 



Luke, 
to 



21:36. 



John. 



21:37 

to 
22:6. 



22:7 



to 



22:24-30 



1 So Alford and Andrews. Farrar and Geikie prefer Saturday after the anointing at the 
house of Simon. 

2 So Andrews, Geikie, Farrar, Weiseler, EHicott. 



PASSION WEEK. 



55 



Matt. 



Mark. 



26: 2I-2J 



14:18-21 



26:26-35 



26:30. 



14:26 



26.36 



'they should occupy at the table, there 
arose among the disciples a strife as to 
which of them should be the greatest 
in the coming kingdom. Noticing this, 
Jesus, in order to teach them a lesson of 
humility, took a basin of water and pro- 
ceeded to wash their feet, a service which 
the}' should have performed for him in- 
stead. After this, while eating the feast, 
he told them that one of them should 
betray him, and, to John at least, pointed 
out Judas as the traitor. Judas, notic- 
ing that his purposes were being made 
known, withdrew at once to complete the 
betrayal; the other disciples thought that 
he went out to secure something for the 
further days of the feast. After Judas had 
withdrawn, possibly before, Jesus insti- 
tuted the ordinance of the Lord's Supper, 
and spoke of what was about to come 
upon him ; he warned them also that dur- 
ing the night they would all desert him. 
Peter's self-assurance caused the Lord to 
warn him especially. He continued to 
speak to them, discoursing respecting the 
Comforter, and of the necessity of their 
"abiding" in him, closing the evening 
service with his great intercessor}' prayer. 
The}' then sang a hymn, and withdrew 
from the room. 

THE ARREST. 

As he had done on previous evenings, 
Jesus started in the direction of Bethany, 
accompanied by the Eleven. When they 
arrived at the garden of Gethsemane he 
turned aside and entered the enclosure. 
Leaving eight of the number at the en- 
trance, he took with him Peter, James, 
and John and withdrew into the midst 
of the garden, " and began to be sorrow- 



Luke. 



J0J11 



13:: 



22:21-23 



22:31-38 



17:26. 



56 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



26:56. 



fill and sore troubled" (Matthew). He 
then withdrew from the three and prayed 
for some time; when he returned he 
found them all asleep. Twice more did he 
withdraw for prayer, and each time upon 
his return he found the disciples asleep. 
Upon his return the third time, Judas 
appeared with a band of officers and a 
multitude of people who had come out to 
arrest him. When Jesus saw them coming 
he went to them and asked, "Whom 
seek ye?" They told him that they were 
seeking Jesus of Nazareth, and he replied, 
"I am he," and the crowd fell back in 
confusion. He repeated the question, 
and to their reply said again, "I am 
he ' ' ( John ). Judas, seeing that they were 
awaiting his action, stepped forward and, 
according to the prearranged plan, saluted 
Jesus with ' ' Hail, Rabbi; and kissed him ' ' 
(Matthew). The officers then arrested 
Jesus. Peter, however, drew a sword 
brought from the room of the supper, 
and smote a servant of the high priest, 
cutting off his right ear. At once Jesus 
healed the wound and bade Peter put up 
his sword. The disciples, seeing Jesus in 
the hands of his enemies, took to flight, 
except that a young man, possibly Mark, 
followed him for some distance and then 
also fled. Peter and John, recovering at 
length from their fright, followed at a 
distance, and through the influence of 
John were admitted into the palace of the 
high priest. The arrest occurred proba- 
bly about midnight. 

Friday, Nisa?i 15, April 1 /. 

THE TRIAL. 

Jesus was taken at once to Annas, ex- 
high priest and father-in-law to Caiaphas, 



Luke, 



John. 



18:2 



22:53- 



PASSION WEEK. 



57 



Matt. 


Mark. 


26:57 
to 

27:2. 


H:53 
to 

15:1. 


27:3 




to 


15:2 
to 



probably in recognition of his influence. 
After a very brief hearing he sent him 
to Caiaphas, the high priest, where the 
members of the Sanhedrin were already 
assembled, probably about 1 a.m. After 
repeated efforts to find testimony against 
him had failed, they informally pro- 
nounced him worthy of death because 
he had openly avowed that he was the 
Christ, the Son of the Blessed, and then 
adjourned to meet after daylight to ratify 
the finding. During this trial occurred 
the denial of Peter, while standing with 
the enemies of Jesus in the open court 
around a fire. When the Sanhedrin ad- 
journed they left Jesus in the hands of 
the rabble, by whom he was greatly 
abused, being spit upon, blindfolded, and 
smitten on the face. After daybreak the 
Sanhedrin again assembled and, after a few 
questions, formally pronounced sentence 
against him, and immediately led him 
to Pilate, the Roman procurator, to have 
their sentence confirmed, as they had no 
authority to inflict the death penalty. 

Judas, learning that Jesus was con- 
demned and in a fair way to death, re- 
pented of his treachery and brought the 
money back to the chief priests, and then 
went out and hanged himself. 

Jesus was now before Pilate. His ac- 
cusers did not enter the judgment hall, 
because going into the house of a Gentile 
would defile them, and they would not 
be permitted to participate further in the 
feast; hence, Pilate came out to them, 
and demanded their charge. They first 
accused Jesus of being a malefactor, 
and Pilate at once directed them to take 
him and judge him themselves. But this 
they had no authority to do. He then 



Luke. 
22:54. 

22:55 

to 
23:1. 


John. 

18:27. 


23:2 
to 


18:28 
to 



58 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Mail. 

27:14. 


Mark. 
J5--5- 


27:15 
to 


IS-'* 
to 

15:14- 



took Jesus with him into the hall of judg- 
ment and asked him, ' ' Art thou the King 
of the Jews?" (I^uke.) Though Jesus 
replied in the affirmative, Pilate turned to 
the Jews with the statement, "I find no 
fault in this man" (I/uke). Still further 
aroused b}^ the manifest danger that 
their wishes would not be gratified, they 
charged Jesus with creating disturbance 
among the people even from Galilee to 
Jerusalem. 

Hearing mention of Galilee, Pilate was 
pleased, because Herod, the tetrarch of 
Galilee, was then in the city, and he at 
once sent Jesus to him for trial. Herod 
was also pleased with this, because for 
a long time he had desired to see Jesus. 
But he was disappointed when Jesus re- 
fused to reply to any of his inquiries; he 
also hoped to see him work some miracle. 
The silence of Jesus in his presence caused 
Herod to turn against him, and he made 
Jesus an object of derision before the 
members of his court, and then returned 
him to Pilate. This compliment of Pilate 
to Herod resulted in the restoration of 
friendship between the two rulers. 

Upon the return of Jesus, Pilate ad- 
dressed the Jews, saying that neither 
he nor Herod had found any fault with 
Jesus, and hence he would release him 
according to the custom to release one 
prisoner during the Passover. But they 
vehemently objected, demanding instead 
the release of one Barabbas, a notorious 
insurrectionist and murderer. When Pi- 
late asked what he should do with Jesus, 
they cried out at once, ' ' Crucify, crucify 
him" (Iyuke). About this time Pilate's 
wife, Claudia Procula, sent a message to 
Pilate urging him to have nothing to do 



Luke. I John. 



2 S:jS. 



2?:6 



23:21. 



18:39,40 



PASSIOX WEEK. 



59 



Matt. 



27:23. 



J fork. 



13:15-20 



27:3I- 



27 ■•32J3 15:21,22 



with, the case, as she had suffered much 
in a dreani concerning Jesus. Pilate then 
proposed to scourge him and let him go 
free. But to this his enemies would not 
consent. The}* still called for his crucifix- 
ion and for the release of Barabbas. Pilate 
yielded, and ordered Jesus to be scourged 
preparatory to crucifixion. But yet he 
half repented, and renewed his efforts for 
the release of Jesus; but the Jews renewed 
their attack, now demanding his death 
because he claimed to be the Son of God. 
This accusation caused Pilate to take him 
again into the judgment hall. After ex- 
amining him further, he seemed deter- 
mined to release him. But now the Jews 
raised the cry that if he released Jesus he 
would show himself disloyal to Csesar. 
This aroused a fear of Csesar that quickly 
influenced Pilate's mind. He then took 
water and washed his hands, thus indi- 
cating that he was unwilling to bear any 
part of the responsibility in the case, and 
pronounced final sentence of death, and 
Jesus was delivered over to be crucified. 
The soldiers to whom he was delivered, 
taking advantage of his seemingly help- 
less situation, heaped upon Jesus all 
manner of mocker}* and insult. When 
they led him out to crucifixion they laid 
upon him the transverse beam of the 
cross . * But this soon proved too heavy for 
Jesus in his exhausted condition, and the}* 
compelled one Simon of Cyrene to bear 
it. The}* were followed by many wo- 
men of the city, weeping because of the 
fate that awaited Jesus; but he told them 



JLuke. 



John. 




'"The cross was an upright pale or beam, intersected by a transverse one at right 
angles. ... To this cross the criminal, being stripped of his clothes, was fixed by nails 
driven through the hands and (not always, nor perhaps generally,) through the feet, sepa- 
rate or united. The body was not supported by the nails, but by a piece of wood which 
passed between the legs."— Alford on Matt. 27:35. 



6o 



JESUS THE NAZARKNE. 



Matt. 


Mark. 


27-34-38 


15:23. 




15:24-32 


27:39-44 




27:45-47 


15:33-35 


27:48, 49 


15:36- 


27:50. 


i5:37- 



they needed to weep rather for themselves 
and for their children. At length they 
reached Golgotha, the place of crucifix- 
ion. 

THE CRUCIFIXION. 

The hour of the crucifixion was proba- 
bly about nine o'clock in the morning. 
Before crucifying him they offered Jesus 
a drink prepared to produce stupefac- 
tion, but he declined to take it. While 
they were driving the nails into his flesh 
he spoke the first of the seven utterances 
on the cross, "Father, forgive them; for 
they know not what they do" (L,uke). 
After the cross was erected the soldiers 
sat down to divide his clothes, while the 
rabble indulged in wild rejoicing and 
wicked reviling. Two thieves were cru- 
cified with him. They, too, joined in the 
reviling, until one at length became con- 
vinced of the superior character of Jesus 
and prayed, "Jesus, remember me when 
thou comest in thy kingdom" (Luke). 
Jesus replied, ' ' To-day shalt thou be with 
me in Paradise" (Luke). Looking down 
near the cross, he saw his mother, and 
near her the apostle John, and he spoke the 
third time, saying, "Woman, behold, thy 
son ! ' ' and to John , ' ' Behold , thy mother ! ' ' 
(John.) Following this occurred the three 
hours of darkness, from 12 m. to 3 p.m., 
during which some still lingered near the 
cross . As the darkness passed away Jesus 
cried aloud — "My God, my God, why 
hast thou forsaken me?" (Matthew.) 
Shortly after, he spoke again, "I thirst" 
(John); then waiting a short time, he 
said, " It is finished " (John), and followed 
this with the seventh and last utterance, 
"Father, into thy hands I commend my 
spirit" (Luke), bowed his head, and died. 



Luke. John 



23:43- 



23:44,45 



23:46-4 



19:23, 24 



19:25-27 



19:28-30 



PASSION WEEK. 



61 



Matt. 
27-SI-56 



Mark. 
15:38-41 



27:57-61 



15:42-47 



27: 62-66 



At this the earth quaked, the veil of 
the temple between the Holy and the Most 
Holy places was rent from top to bottom, 
a number of graves were opened, "and 
many bodies of the saints that had fallen 
asleep were raised; and coming forth out 
of the tombs after his resurrection they 
entered into the holy city and appeared 
unto man}-" (Matthew). 

As it was the day before the Sabbath, 
the Jews requested Pilate to order the 
soldiers to break the legs of those who 
had been crucified, that their death might 
be hurried, so that their bodies might be 
removed before the Sabbath. Coming to 
Jesus, they found him already dead, and 
they passed him without breaking his 
legs, but thrust a spear into his side. 
Toward evening Joseph of Arimathea, a 
member of the Sanhedrin and a believer 
in Jesus ( " he had not consented to their 
counsel and deed ' ' — Luke ), came to Pilate 
to obtain permission to bury the body of 
Jesus. Having obtained his request, he 
went out with Nicodemus, also a member 
of the Sanhedrin, and took the body of 
Jesus down from the cross, and laid it in 
his own private sepulcher, just newly 
built in a garden near the place of the 
crucifixion. A number of women ob- 
served the burial. 

Saturday, Nisan 76, April 8. 

Duringthe Sabbath ( Saturday ) the body 
of Jesus la}- in the tomb. Toward evening 
the chief priests and Pharisees, remember- 
ing what he had said concerning rising 
from the dead, came to Pilate and requested 
him to station a guard at the tomb, lest 
the disciples should come and steal the 



Luke. John 



23:50-56 



i9:3i-37 



19:38-42 



62 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



body away. Desiring to please them, 
Pilate granted the request, and they 
placed the governor's seal on the tomb, 
and stationed a guard of Roman soldiers 
to prevent any interference on the part 
of the disciples. 



Luke. 



John. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



Resurrection, Appearances, and Ascension. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



16:1 



28: 



Sunday, Nisan 17, April g. 

THE RESURRECTION. 

Early in the morning of the first da}' 
of the week, Mary Magdalene and Mar}' 
the mother of James, and Salome, with 
perhaps other women, having prepared 
the necessary articles, started to the tomb 
to complete the anointing of the bod}' of 
Jesus, evidently not aware of the seal- 
ing of the tomb and the placing of the 
guard. 

At some time in the morning there was 
an earthquake, and the angel of the Lord 
rolled back the stone from the tomb and 
sat upon it. At the sight of him the 
guards were affrighted, and fell back as 
dead men. 

The women at length drew near, won- 
dering as they came how the great stone 
should be removed from the door of the 
sepulcher. But when they came in sight 
of the tomb they saw the stone already 
removed. The guard had left before this 
time, and the women went on to the 
tomb, and at length entered it, only to 
be thrice surprised, — at the absence of 
Jesus' body, and at the presence of two 
apparently young men, who still further 
surprised them by telling them that Jesus 
was not there, but had risen, and that 
they should go and tell his disciples. 
Marv Magdalene hurriedly left the tomb 
63 



Luke. 



John. 



24:1 



6 4 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



16:9-11. 



28:9, 10. 



16:12,13 



. 16:14. 



and went into the city, where she met 
Peter and John. She told them what 
they had seen and heard, and the two, 
greatly excited, ran to the sepulcher, Mary 
following after them. John ran the faster, 
and reaching the tomb, stooped down, and 
looking in saw nothing bnt the burial 
clothes. Peter, coming shortly afterward, 
entered the tomb, and John followed him, 
and both were convinced that Jesus had 
risen. They then returned to the city. 

THE APPEARANCES ON SUNDAY. 

Mary Magdalene reached the tomb soon 
after John and Peter left, and stood out- 
side weeping. Presently Jesus appeared 
to her, but she did not recognize him 
until he addressed her by name. About 
this same time he appeared to the other 
women also, with the salutation, "All 
hail" (Matthew). 

During the day two of the disciples 
went to Emmaus. On the way Jesus 
appeared to them, but concealed his iden- 
tity until in the evening during supper, 
when they recognized him in the breaking 
of bread; "and he vanished out of their 
sight" (Luke). Excited by this, they 
immediately returned to the city, where 
they found the Eleven met together dis- 
cussing an appearance of Jesus to Peter. 
They reported his appearance to them 
at Emmaus, and while they were talk- 
ing he suddenly stood in their midst, 
and saluted them with ' ' Peace be unto 
you" (Luke). By showing them his 
hands and feet he convinced them of 
his identity, and later he ate with them. 
During the evening he breathed upon 
them, and said, "Receive ye the Holy 
Ghost" (John). 



Luke. 


John. 


24:12. 






20:18. 


24:13 




to 






20:18-23 


24:49. 









RESURRECTION, APPEARANCES, AND ASCENSION. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



•16-20 



16:15-18 



Monday, April 10— Wednesday, May 17. 

OTHER APPEARANCES. 

Thomas was not present at the meeting 
on Sunday evening, and he refused to be- 
lieve what the others had told him. A 
week later the apostles were together 
again, and Thomas was with them. Jesus 
again appeared, and asked Thomas espe- 
cially to notice the evidences of his resur- 
rection, that he might be fully convinced; 
and Thomas said, ' ' My Lord and my God ' ' 
( John ) . He did not appear again for some 
time, and the disciples began to return to 
their former occupations. On a certain 
occasion Peter and seven others of the 
apostles spent the night on the Sea of Gali- 
lee, fishing, with no success. In the early 
dawn the}- were addressed by a stranger 
standing on the shore, who suggested 
that the\- ' ' cast the net on the right side 
of the boat" (John). They did so, and 
took a vast multitude of fishes. John 
declared at once, * ' It is the Lord ' ' (John ) ; 
and Peter sprang into the water and swam 
ashore, the others following in a boat. 
On the shore they found a fire kindled 
and some fish being cooked, preparatory 
to a meal. They were asked to bring of 
their catch and dine. After the meal, 
occurred that peculiarly interesting con- 
versation between Jesus and Peter in 
which Peter thrice avowed his love for 
his Lord, whom he had recently thrice 
denied. 

Some time after this Jesus appeared 
upon an unnamed mountain in Galilee, 
where he gave the Great Commission. 1 
Paul tells us (I. Cor. 15 : 7) that at a later 



Lttke. 



John, 



21:25. 



This appearance is probably identical with that named by Paul in I. Cor. 15 :6. 
5 



66 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



16:19. 



time he appeared to James, an appearance 
not recorded in the Gospels. 

Thursday, May 18. 

THE ASCENSION. 

Forty days after his resurrection Jesus 
again met the disciples in Jerusalem. He 
there conversed with them for some time, 
especially reiterating the promise of the 
Holy Spirit, and urging them to remain 
in Jerusalem awaiting his coming. He 
then led them out near Bethany, convers- 
ing on the way. At length he lifted up 
his hands and blessed them, and while 
blessing them he was " parted from them, 
and was carried up into heaven" (Luke), 
"and a cloud received him out of their 
sight. And while they were looking 
stedfastly into heaven as he went, behold, 
two men stood by them in white apparel ; 
which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why 
stand ye looking into heaven ? this Jesus, 
which was received up from you into 
heaven, shall so come in like manner as 
ye beheld him going into heaven." 

"Amen: come, Lord Jesus." 



Luke. 


John. 




Acts. 


'4:50-53 


1:4 




to 




1:12. 







APPENDIX. 



Palestine — Its Places, People, and Institutions Mentioned 
in the Gospels. 

Bethab ara. A town near the river Jordan, probably east of 
Jericho, although it may have been farther north. It was the place 
where "John at first baptized," and to which Jesus retired after the 
feast of Dedication. Jesus was probably baptized near this place. 

Bethany. A small village situated on the eastern slope of 
Olivet, about one and one-half miles from Jerusalem. It was the 
home of Mar}*, Martha, and Lazarus, and was frequently visited by 
Jesus. 

Bethesda, Pool of, A pool located, according to Geikie, at 
the northwest corner of the temple area; one hundred and sixty-five 
feet long and foity-eight feet wide. 

Bethlehem. A village located about six miles south of Jeru- 
salem, on a ridge 2,550 feet above sea level. Being the place of 
David's birth, it was called "the city of David." It was also the 
place of Rachel's death and burial. 

Bethsaida. A town in Galilee, near the head of the Sea of 
Galilee, on the west side of the Jordan. It was the birthplace of 
Philip, Andrew, and Peter, and was frequently visited by Jesus. The 
exact location is not known. 

Bethsaida Julias. A village, afterward a city, on the east 
side of the Jordan, near which Jesus fed the 5,000. 

Ca3Sare / a. The Roman capital of Judaea. It was formerly a 
city of great splendor, but is now inhabited only by robbers and 
wild animals. 

Caesare'a Philip'pi. A city situated about one hundred and 
twent}^ miles northeast of Jerusalem; perhaps visited once by Jesus. 

67 



68 JESUS THE NAZARENE. 

Cana. The place of Jesus' first miracle; a small village, the 
exact location of which is not known, but probably identical with 
Kefr Kenna, about four miles northeast of Nazareth; some authors 
prefer Kana el-Jelil, about seven miles northeast of Nazareth. 

Capernaum, An important city in the time of Jesus, but now 
so completely in ruin that its exact location is not known. It was 
near the head of the Sea of Galilee, on the west side, and was the 
home of Jesus during his public life. 

Cliorazin. A city or village in the vicinity of Capernaum, 
now in ruin. The exact location is not certain. 

Dalmanu tlia, A town south of Capernaum on the seashore. 
The exact location is not known. 

Dead Sea. The size of this sea is about ten by forty-six miles. 
The surface is 1,300 feet below sea level. The water is clear and 
beautiful, but salt and bitter. The sea contains no living thing, and 
has no outlet. The cliffs on the west side are 1,500 to 2,200 feet 
high. 

Decap'olis. A district of country east of the Jordan, and extend- 
ing from a short distance south of the Sea of Galilee north as far as 
Damascus, including ten cities. The boundaries are not definitely 
determined. 

Dedication, Feast Of. An annual feast of rejoicing, kept 
in commemoration of the renewal of the temple service after its 
suspension by Antiochus Epiphanes, B.C. 167. It continued one 
week. 

Emmaus. A small village probably seven or eight miles north- 
east of Jerusalem. The exact location is uncertain. 

E phraim. A town or city about eight miles north of Jerusa- 
lem. The exact location is uncertain. 

Galilee, Sea of. Its size is eight by fifteen miles, and its sur- 
face is six hundred and eighty -two feet below sea level. The course 
of the Jordan is perceptible throughout the entire length of the sea. 
On account of the depression of the sea below the surrounding 
country, it is subject to very sudden storms, especially from the 
winds coming over the eastern tablelands. It is very full of fish. 



APPENDIX. 69 

Geiiiies aret. A plain on the west shore of the Sea of Gali- 
lee, sonth of Capernaum, about one mile wide and three miles long. 
It was very productive. 

Getlisein ane. An olive garden or orchard on the west slope 
of Olivet. Its exact location is somewhat disputed. 

Gol gotlia. The place of the crucifixion. By tradition, it is 
held to be near the site of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, on 
the west side of, and within, the present city of Jerusalem. Modern 
investigators, however, quite generally prefer a point just north of 
the city. It was near, yet without, the city in the time of Christ. 

Hat tin. Horns Of*. A row of hills or low mountains on the 
west side of the Sea of Galilee, not far from Capernaum; probably 
the place of the Sermon on the Mount. 

Hernion, Mount. The most conspicuous mountain in Pales- 
tine. It is one of the peaks at the southern extremity of the Anti- 
Lebanon range. Its height is 10,000 feet. It was probably the scene 
of the Transfiguration. 

Herods of the New Testament. Herod was the name 
of an Indumaean family who, under Roman authority, ruled over 
the Jewish nation in New Testament times. The name is applied 
to four different persons by New Testament writers. 

1. Herod the Great, called, in Matthew 3:1, "Herod the king." 
He was a son of Antipater, who was made procurator of Judaea by 
Julius Caesar B.C. 47. Antipater made his son, Herod the Great, 
governor of Galilee. B.C. 40 he was made king of Judaea by act 
of the Roman senate. He slew his wife's grandfather Hyrcanus, 
Mariamne his favorite wife, and three of his sons, Alexander, Aris- 
tobulus, and Antipater. He died B.C. 4. 

2. Herod Antipas, called "the tetrarch," and twice "the king" 
( Matt. 14 : 9; Mark 6:4). He was the son of Herod the Great, brother 
of Archelaus, half-brother of Philip I., whose wife he incestuously 
married, and also half-brother of Philip II., tetrarch of the Bashan 
district. He was appointed tetrarch of Galilee after the death of 
his father, Herod the Great, and ruled till a.d. 38. He slew John 
the Baptist. Jesus appeared before him in his trial. 



70 v JESUS THE NAZARENE. 

3. Herod Agrippa I. was the son of Aristobulus (mentioned under 
No. 1) and grandson of Herod the Great. He was made governor 
of the Bashan district by the emperor Caius Caligula a.d. 37; later 
was given Persea and Galilee, and in a.d. 41 was given also Judaea 
and Samaria, thus possessing a territory equal to that of Herod the 
Great. It was by his order that the apostle James was slain and 
Peter thrown into prison. He died suddenly and very miserably 
at Csesarea, a.d. 44. See Acts 12 : 21-23. 

4. Herod Agrippa II. He was the son of Agrippa I., and was 
given the principality of Chalcis by the emperor Claudius a.d. 48. 
Four years later he was given instead the former tetrarchies of 
Philip II. and Eysanias, with the title of king, and in connection 
with this the superintendence of the temple at Jerusalem. In a.d. 
55 the emperor Nero added to his dominions several cities and 
villages of Galilee. It was before him that Paul made the address 
of Acts 26. He died at Rome a.d. 100, in his seventieth year. 

Jer'icllO. The first city conquered by Joshua; fifteen miles from 
Jesusalem, a little north of east; about six miles west of the Jordan. 

Jerusalem. The most important city of Palestine. The elevation 
above sea level is 2,500 feet. It is built on two summits — Mt. Moriah 
and Mt. Zion. The Tyropcean Valley divides the city from north to 
south; the valley of Kedron or Jehoshaphat passes on the east side, 
and the valley of Hinnoni on the west and south sides. History. — 
Probably Salem of Genesis 14:18; captured by David, B.C. 1046; by 
Shishak of Egypt, B.C. 970; recaptured by Jehoash, king of Israel, 
B.C. 830; fortified by Uzziah, B.C. 807; improved by Jonathan and 
Hezekiah, B.C. 755 to 726; city and temple pillaged by Egyptians, B.C. 
609; captured by Nebuchadnezzar, B.C. 606 to 598; temple repaired 
by order of Cyrus king of Persia, b.c. 536 to 516; Ezra made gover- 
nor, B.C. 469; captured by Alexander the Great, B.C. ^22; captured 
and plundered by Ptolemy, of Egypt, B.C. 324; captured by Anti- 
ochus the Great, b.c. 200; temple profaned by Antiochus Ephiphanes, 
B.C. 167; the Maccabees obtained control B.C. 163; invaded and 
captured by Lysias, the governor of Syria, about B.C. 160; recaptured 
by Simon Maccabeus, B.C. 142; captured by Pompey of Rome, b.c. 6y, 



APPENDIX. 71 

city and temple destroyed by Titus of Rome, a.d. 70; rebuilt by 
Hadrian, a.d. 131; Barcocheba, a Jew, obtained possession a.d. 132; 
recaptured by Romans, a.d. 135, and named ^Elia Capitolina. The 
Jews were not allowed afterward to enter the city until the middle 
of the fourth centur}-. Pilgrimages of Christians to Jerusalem began 
a.d. 326, when it was visited by Helena, the mother of Constantine. 
Since the fall of the Roman empire, the city has man}- times been 
captured and recaptured. It has been in the hands of the Turks 
since a.d. 1847. 

Jor'dan River. The principal river of Palestine, and the only 
river named in the Gospels. Its sources are in the Lebanon Moun- 
tains, and it empties into the Dead Sea. In its course it falls 3,012 
feet. It is narrow, deep, and swift till near its mouth. It is very 
crooked, its length, following its course between the Sea of Galilee 
and the Dead Sea, being more than three times its direct length. 

Judaea, Wilderness of. A district of country extending 
from Bethanj* to the Jordan and south, mountainous and waste, 
and never cultivated, being occupied chiefly b}* robbers. 

3Iachaerus. A strong fortress on the frontier of Persea and 
Arabia. Josephus says that it was the place of the execution of 
John the Baptist, 1 and hence was probably the place of his impris- 
onment. 

?Iag dala. A town on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee, 
south of Capernaum. Its exact location is not known. 

?Ioriall, Mount. The summit on which the temple stood. 
Its height is about 2,500 feet. 

Nain. A small town of Galilee, situated about four miles from 
Mt. Tabor and twenty-five miles southwest of Capernaum. 

Naz areth. The home of Jesus during his early life. It is sit- 
uated among the mountains, 1,200 feet above sea level, twenty-five 
miles from Capernaum, and about sixty miles from Jerusalem. 
It was unknown to history* previous to New Testament times. Its 
present population is about 4,700. 

'Antiquities, XVIII., 5, ■?.. 



7 2 JESUS THE NAZARENE. 

Olives, Blount Of. A rounded hill east of Jerusalem, and 
separated from the city by the valley of Kedron. Its summit is 
about one-fifth of a mile from the temple on an air line; by the road, 
3,075 feet. Its height is 2,700 feet. 

Pal estine. Names.— Canaan, Holy Land, Palestine. Size — 
About one hundred and ninety-three miles long by seventy-five miles 
average width. Divisions in Time of Christ. — Judaea, Samaria, and 
Galilee west of the Jordan; Persea and Philip's tetrarchy east. 
Generally mountainous. Climate. — Very fine in the dry season; slight 
frosts in winter. Products. — Wheat, barley, millet, fruits. History. — 
Palestine was settled by descendants of Canaan, the fourth son of 
Ham, and was for ages the home of idolatrous tribes. It was 
conquered by Joshua, B.C. 145 1 to 1425, and remained in possession 
of Israel until B.C. 721, when the northern part was conquered by 
Sargon, king of Assyria. B.C. 586 the southern part was conquered 
by Nebuchadnezzar, and in B.C. 536 the entire country became subject 
to Cyrus, king of Persia, who permitted the return of the Jews 
carried captive to Babylon, and the rebuilding of the temple destroyed 
by Nebuchadnezzar. B.C. 332 the country was conquered by Alex- 
ander the Great, and in b.c. 312 it passed under the control of the 
Seleucidae, between whom and the Ptolemies of Egypt it alternated 
until B.C. 198, when the power of the Ptolemies was broken, and 
Palestine was again subject to the Seleucidae. Thus it remained 
until b.c. 158, when the Jews, under the leadership of the Macca- 
bees, again secured national independence. This condition continued 
till the conquest by Rome, B.C. 63. The Jews again rebelled against 
the Roman authority in a.d. 66, and were reconquered by Titus 
a.d. 70. In the sixth century the country was conquered by the 
Mohammedans, and in a.d. 1099 was recaptured by the Crusaders 
and again placed under European rule. In a.d. 1187 it was again 
conquered by the Mohammedans, and in a.d. 1517 by the Turks, 
who, notwithstanding several subsequent defeats, still hold posses- 
sion. 

PaSS / Over, The greatest of the Jewish feasts, and one of the 
three which all of the Jews were required to attend, if possible. It 



APPENDIX. 73 

was kept in memory of the deliverance from Egypt. It began with 
the feast of unleavened bread, which was eaten on the evening of 
the close of the 14th Xisan, counting the day to end at sunset. It 
continued for one week. Josephus says that frequently 3,000,000 
people attended the feast, and that as man}' as 256,000 lambs were 
slain and eaten. On account of their system of keeping time, using 
intercalary months, the feast did not occur each year at the same 
time in the 3-ear. In the year of the crucifixion, Nisan 14 fell on 
April 6, counting that Xisan 14 closed at sunset. 

Pen'tecost. The second of three great annual feasts. It occurred 
fifty days after the Passover, and lasted but one day. It was the 
Jewish harvest-home. 

Pharisees. The extreme religionists of the Jews in the time of 
Christ, especially devoted to the observance of the law as interpreted 
by the traditions. The}" were ritualists rather than moralists. 
They formed the middle class of people, were more numerous than 
the Sadducees, and were bitter enemies of Jesus. 

Publicans. This name represents neither a class nor a party, 
but rather an occupation. They were men who followed buying of 
the government the privilege of collecting the taxes in certain dis- 
tricts, which implied the right to exact of the people about as they 
chose. They were especially noted for oppression and extortion. 
They were greatly hated by the Jews, and were classed among the 
very lowest. 

Pu'rim. An annual feast in the month of March, kept in memorjr 
of the deliverance of the Jews from the murderous intentions of 
Haman. 

Rabbis* These were teachers. The term is almost, but not 
entirely, synonymous with scribe. The recognized rabbis in the time 
of Christ were chiefly Pharisees. Their teaching was held to be 
superior in authority to that of the law. The Mishna declares it a 
greater crime to speak against the rabbis than against the law. 

Sadducees. In the time of Christ, the liberalists, in teaching 
and practice. They discredited traditions, and accepted only the teach- 
ing of Moses. They were moralists rather than ritualists, and consti- 



74 JESUS THE NAZARENE. 

tuted the more wealthy class of the community — the upper classes. 
They were a comparatively small party, and were unpopular with 
the masses. They denied the immortality of the soul and the 
resurrection. 

Scribes. Copyists and teachers of the law. They were mostly 
Pharisees, but were not confined to any party. 

Si don. One of the oldest cities of the world, — the "mother of 
Phoenicia, " — situated on the east coast of the Mediterranean. 

Sil oaill, Pool of. A pool at the union of the Tyropcean and 
Kedron valleys, supplied with water brought in a subterranean 
channel from the Fountain of the Virgin, on the west side of the 
valley of Jehoshaphat. 

Sy'char. A village of Samaria, in the valley between Mounts 
Kbal and Gerizim, near Jacob's well. 

Synagogue. A congregation of ten or more Jews. It grew 
out of necessities caused by the Babylonian captivity, and assumed 
especial importance about the time of the Maccabees. In Jerusalem, 
in the time of Christ, there were four hundred and eighty syna- 
gogues. The term synagogue was applied to both the congregation 
and the place of worship. 

Tabernacles, Feast of. The third of the three great annual 
feasts. It was kept in commemoration of dwelling in tents in the 
wilderness, and was a feast of thanksgiving. It began on Tisri 15, 
and lasted one week, the first and last days being counted Sabbaths. 
The last day was "the great day of the feast." 

Tab'or, Mount. An isolated peak in Galilee. Its height is 
about 2,000 feet. By some it is thought to be the scene of the 
Transfiguration . 

Temple, The. The temple of Christ's time was begun by 
Herod the Great, B.C. 20-17, but was not completed until a.d. 65. 
It was modeled after the temple built by Solomon. The size of the 
temple proper was thirty by ninety feet. It was surrounded by 
chambers and porticoes. It stood in a walled enclosure, the 
dimensions of which were about nine hundred and ninety feet on the 
north, one thousand feet on the east, nine hundred and ten on the 



APPENDIX. 75 

south, and one thousand and sixty on the west. The outer part of 
this area was called the court of the Gentiles. Within this was 
the sacred enclosure — three hundred feet north and south by six 
hundred and thirty feet east and west — within which onl}- Jews 
might enter. The eastern part of this enclosure was the court of the 
women, or " the treasurj-," an open space of about two hundred and 
fort}' feet square. At the east side of this space is believed to have been 
the portico called "Solomon's Porch," entered through the "beautiful 
gate." West of the court of the women was the court of Israel, an 
open corridor three hundred and twent}^ feet east and west by two 
hundred and fort}' feet north and south, sixteen feet deep on the 
north and south sides, and twenty-four feet on the east and west 
sides. Within this was the court of the priests, about two hundred 
and seventy-five feet long east and west b} T two hundred feet north 
and south. Within this w T as the temple proper — not far from the 
west wall of the temple area and facing east. The temple proper 
was divided into two parts — the Holy Place and Most Holy Place. 
These were separated by a heav} T curtain or veil. The entire enclos- 
ure was frequenth* called "the temple." 

Tyre. One of the most important commercial cities of antiquity, 
belonging to Phoenicia, on the east coast of the Mediterranean. 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Abia, course of, at the temple, 10. 

Adulterous woman, 42. 

Alexander the Great, 17. 

Andrew called, 23. 

Annas, Jesus before, 56. 

Appearances of Jesus after resurrection, 

64, 65. 
Archelaus, ethnarch of Judaea, 16, 23. 
Arrest of Jesus, 56. 
Ascension of Jesus, 66. 
Augustus Caesar, emperor, 9, 16, 19. 



Baptism of Jesus, 22. 

date of, 10, 11, 15. 
Barabbas, release of, asked, 58. 
Bartimeus healed, 48. 
Bothabara, Jesus at, 45, 46. 
Bethany visited by Jesus, 42, 45, 47, 49, 50, 

et seq. 
Bethsaida Julias visited, 36, 39. 
Birth of Jesus, 19. 

date of, 9, 10, 11, 15. 
"Bread of Life," Jesus the, 37. 
Burial of Jesus, 61. 



C^saeea Philippi, Jesus near, 39. 
Caiaphas, argued for doath of Jesus, 47. 

Jesus before, 57. 
Cana visited by Jesus, 23, 25. 
Capernaum, first visit of Jesus to, 23. 

chosen by Jesus as his home, 27. 
Cave of Nativity, 19. 
Children received by Jesus, 48. 
Circumcision of Jesus, 20. 
"Comforter," the, promised, 55. 
Conspiracy against Jesus, 26, 29. 
Cross, the, of Calvary, 59. 
Crucifixion of Jesus, the, 60, 61. 

date of, 11-15. 

hour of, 15. 

Decapolis, Jesus journeyed through, 38. 



Dedication, feast of the, 13, 14. 

feast of, Jesus present at, 45. 
Disciples re-collected, 27. 
Divorce spoken of, 48. 

Emmaus, Jesus' appearanee at, after his 

resurrection, 64. 
Ephraim, Jesus at, 47 

Faith spoken of, 47, 52. 
Feasts, Jewish, 14. 

mentioned in the Gospels, 13. 
Flight to Egypt, 20. 
Forgiveness spoken of, 40, 47. 

Galilee, first circuit of, 27. 

second circuit of, 29. 

third circuit of, 35. 
Gennesaret, 36. 
Gergesa, visited by Jesus, 32. 
Gethsemane, agony in, 55, 56. 
" Great Commission," 65. 
Greatest in the kingdom, 43, 55. 
Greeks desire to see Jesus, 53. 

Herod Antipas, enmity of, 45. 

Jesus before, 59. 

slew John the Baptist, 35. 

totrarch, 16. 
Herod the Great, 9, 16. 

death of, 9. 
Holy Spirit testified of Jesus, 22. 

Jacob's well, Jesus at, 24. 

Jericho, Jesus at, 48. 

Jerusalem, bewailed by Jesus, 45, 51. 

destruction of, foretold, 53, 54. 

triumphal entry of, 51. 
Jesus, agony of, 55. 

announced as Messiah, 23, 24. 

anointed, 30, 50. 

appearances of, after resurrection, 
64, 65. 



7 6 



GENERAL INDEX. 



77 



arrest of, attempted, 41. 

arrested, 56. 

ascension of, 66. 

at wedding, 23. 

ate with Publicans, 32, 46. 

attempts made to stone, 42, 45. 

baptism of, 22. 

date of, 10, 11, 15. 
betrayal of, 56. 
birth of, 19. 

date of, 9, 10, 11, 15. 
burial of, 61. 
carpenter, a, 21. 
charged with being in league with 

Beelzebub, 31, 34, 44. 
charged with blasphemy, 28. 
circumcision of, 20. 
crucifixion of, 60, 61. 

date of, 11-15. 

hour of, 15. 
death and resurrection of, foretold, 

39, 40, 48. 
dined with Pharisee, 30, 44, 46. 
feast of Levi, at, 32. 
home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus, 

at, 42, 45, 47, 49. 
in prayer, 27, 29, 36, 55, 56. 
in retirement, at Bethabara, 45, 46. 

at Ephraim, 47. 

at or near Cana, 25. 

in Phoenicia, 38. 

near Caesarea Philippi, 39. 
journeys of, 13. 
Judaean ministry of, 23, 24. 
lodged with Zaccheus, 48. 
ministry, length of, 13. 
mocked, 59, 60. 
questioned in the temple, 52. 
rejected at Nazareth, 26, 35. 
rejected by Samaritans, 43. 
reproved Pharisees, 30, 31, 37, 44. 
resurrection of, 63. 
scourged, 59. 
sought by friends, 29, 31. 
supped with Simon the leper, 50. 
temptation of, 22. 
trial of, 56-59. 
washed disciples' feet, 55. 
John the Apostle called, 23. 
John the Baptist, beheaded, 35. 
birth of, 18. 

date of, 10. 
early life of, 21. 
in prison, 26. 



ministry of, 22, 24. 

date of beginning, 10, 11. 

promised, 10, 18. 

sent messengers to Jesus, 30. 
Joseph, death of, 21. 
Joseph of Arimathea buries Jesus, 61. 
Journeys of Jesus, 13. 
Judas, bargained to betray Jesus, 54. 

betrayed Jesus, 56. 

hanged himself, 57. 

objected to the anointing of Jesus, 50. 

withdrew to betray Jesus, 55. 

Lawyer, questioned Jesus, 43. 

objected to Jesus' reply to Pharisees, 
44. 
Lazarus, life of, sought, 50. 
Levi called, 28. 
Levites came to John, 23. 
Lord's Supper instituted, 55. 

Magi visited Jesus, 20. 
Miracles- 
draught of fishes, 27, 65. 
fig tree cursed, 51. 
five thousand fed, 36. 
four thousand fed, 38. 
general, 24. 
healings — 

blind, 31, 33, 39, 42, 48. 

centurion's servant, 29. 

demoniacs, 27, 32. 

dropsy, 46. 

dumb possessed, 33, 43. 

general, 27, 28, 29, 37, 38. 

impotent man, 26. 

infirm woman, 44. 

issue of blood, 33. 

leprosy, 43. 

lunatic, 39. 

Malchus's ear, 56. 

nobleman's son, 25. 

paralytic, 27. 

Peter's mother-in-law, 27. 

Syro-Phoenician maid, 38. 

withered hand, 28. 
raised to life- 
daughter of Jairus, 33. 

Lazarus, 47. 

widow's son, 29. 
shekel in fish's mouth, 40. 
stilled the storm, 32. 
walked on Sea of Galilee, 36. 
water made wine, 23. 



7* 



JESUS THE NAZARENB. 



Nain visited by Jesus, 29. 
Nathanael called, 23. 
Nazareth the home of Jesus, 21. 
"New birth," 24. 
Nicodemus, taught by Jesus, 24. 

defended Jesus, 41. 

assisted to bury Jesus, 61. 

"Offences," 40, 47. 

Palestine, description, history, etc., see 
"Appendix." 

government of, in time of Christ, 16. 

inhabitants of, 16, 17. 
Parables- 
Barren Fig Tree, 44. 

Draw Net, 31. 

Friend at Midnight, 43. 

Good Samaritan, 43. 

Good Shepherd, 43. 

Goodly Pearl, 31. 

Great Supper, 46. 

Hid Treasure, 31. 

Laborers in Vineyard, 48. 

Leaven, 31, 45. 

Lost Piece of Money, 46. 

Lost Sheep, 40, 46. 

Marriage of King's Son, 52. 

Mustard Seed, 31, 45. 

Pharisee and Publican, 47. 

Pounds, 49. 

Prodigal Son, 47. 

Rich Fool, 44. 

Rich Man and Lazarus, 47. 

Sower, 31. 

Talents, 54. 

Tares, 31. 

Ten Virgins, 54. 

Two Debtors, 30. 

Two Sons, 52. 

Unjust Judge, 47. 

Unjust Steward, 47. 

Unmerciful Servant, 40. 

Wicked Husbandmen, 52. 
Passion week, 50-62. 
Passover, 11-15, 36. 

Jesus present at, 21, 23, 26, 51. 

number of, during ministry of Jesus, 
13, 14. 
Passover supper, did Jesus eat last, 12. 
Pentecost, 14. 

Pereea, journey of Jesus through, 43. 
Peter, confessed Jesus, 37, 39. 

defended Jesus, 56. 



denied Jesus, 57. 

rescued from drowning, 36 

warned of denial, 55. 
Philip called, 23. 
Philip the tetrarch, 16. 
Pilate, Jesus boforo, 57-59. 

procurator of Judsea, 16. 
Pilate's wife, 58. 
Procurators of Judaea, 16. 
Purim, feast of, 14, 15. 

Request of mother of James and John, 

48. 
Resurrection of Jesus, 63. 



Sabbath, true doctrine of the, 28. 
Samaritan woman, Jesus conversed with, 

24. 
Sanhedrin discussed putting Jesus to 

death, 47. 
Self-denial commended, 46, 48. 
Sermon on the Mount, 29. 
Seventy, the, sent out, 43. 
"Sign" asked, 38, 44. 
Simon Peter called, 23. 
Slaughter of innocents, 20. 

Tabernacles, feast of, 13, 14. 

Jesus present at, 4043. 
Temple, the, at Jerusalem, 17. 

cleansed, 23, 52. 
Temple, Samaritan, 17. 
Temptation of Jesus, 22. 
Thief converted, 60. 
Thomas convinced, 65. 
Tiberius Ceesar, 10, 11. 
Tomb of Jesus guarded, 62. 
Transfiguration, the, 39. 
Trial of Jesus, 56-59. 
Twelve, the, chosen, 29. 

sent out, 35. 
Tyre and Sidon, region of, visited, 38. 

" Unwashed hands," 37, 44. 

Voice from heaven, 53. 

Widow's mite, 53. 

Woes against scribes and Pharisees, 53. 

Zaccheus, Jesus lodged with, 48. 
Zacharias, the priest, 10, 18. 



SCRIPTURE INDEX. 



Page. 

1. 19-25 19 

2. 1-28 20 

3. 1- 4. 11... 22 

4. 12 26 

4. 13-22 26,27 

4. 23-25 27 

5-7 29 

8. 2-4 27 

8. 5-13 29 

8. 14-17 27 

8. 18— 9. 1...31, 32 

9. 2-9 27,28 

9. 10-34 32-34 

9. 35— 10. 42... 35 

11. 1-30 29.30 

12. 1-21 28,29 

12. 22- 13. 52... 31 

1. 1-14 22 

1. 14,15 26 

1. 16-20 27 

1. 21-45 27 

2. 1-14 27,28 

2. 15-22 32,33 

2. 23— 3. 12... 28,29 

3. 13-19 29 

3. 20,21 29 

3. 22— 4. 34... 31 

4. 35— 5. 21... 32 

5. 22-43 33 

6. 1-44 35,36 

6. 45-56 36,37 

7. 1-30 37, 3S 

7. 31— 8. 26... 38,39 

8. 27— 9. 1... 39 



5-38. 



MATTHEW. 

Page. 

13. 53-58 35 

14. 1-21 "...35,36 

14. 22-36 36,37 

15. 1-28 37,38 

15. 29— 16. 12... 38,39 

16. 13— 18. 35... 39,40 

19. 1, 2 43 

19. 3— 20. 34... 47,48 

21. 1-11 50,51 

21. 12-17 51,52 

21. 18,19 51 

21. 20- 23. 39... 52,53 

24. 1- 26. 5... 53,54 

26. 6-13 50 

26. 14-16 54 

26. 17-20 54 

26. 21-25 55 

MARK. 

9. 2-32 39,40 

9. 33-50 40 

10. 1 43 

10. 2-31 47,48 

10. 32-52 , 48 

11. 1-18 50-52 

11. 19 52 

11. 20— 12. 44... 42,53 

13. 1-37 53,54 

14. 3-9 50 

14. 10,11 54 

14. 12-17 54 

14. 18-21 55 

14. 22-25 55 

14. 26-52 55,56 

14. 53— 15. 1... 57 

15. 2-5 57,58 

LUKE. 

2. 1-39 19,20 

2. 39-50 20,21 

79 



Page. 

26. 26-35 55 

26. 36-56 55,56 

26. 57— 27. 14... 57,58 

27. 15-23 58, 59 

27. 24-31 59 

27. 32,33 59 

27. 34-38 60 

27. 39-14 60 

27. 45-47 60 

27. 48,49 60 

27. 50 60 

27. 51-56 61 

27. 57-61 61 

27. 62-66 61 

28. 1-8 63 

28. 9,10 64 

28. 16-20 65 

15. 6-14 58 

15. 15-20 59 

15. 21,22 59 

15. 23 60 

15. 24-32 60 

15. 33-35 60 

15. 36 60 

15. 37 60 

15. 38-41 61 

15. 42-47 61 

16. 1-8 63 

16. 9-11 64 

16. 12,13 64 

16. 14 64 

16. 15-18 65 

16. 19 66 

2. 51,52 21 

3. 1— 4. 13... 22 



8o 



JESUS THE NAZARENE. 



LUKE — Continued. 



Page. 

4. 14-31 26 

4. 32-41 27 

4. 42-44 27 

5. 1-11 27 

5. 12-15 27 

5. 16 27 

5. 17-28 27,28 

5. 29-39 32,33 

6. 1-11 28,29 

6. 12— 7. 10... 29 

7. 11— 8. 3... 29-31 

8. 4-18 31 

8. 19-21 31 

8. 22-40 32 

8. 41-56 38 

9. 1-6 35 

9. 7-17 35,36 

9. 18-45 39 



9. 

9. 

9. 

9. 
10. 
10. 
11. 
13. 
14. 
17. 
17. 
18. 
18. 
18. 
19. 
19. 
20. 
21. 



46-50 

51-56 




Page. 

40 

43 

31 

43 

43 

45 

. 43, 44 

. 44, 45 

. 46, 47 

43 

47 

48 

48 

. 48, 49 

. 50, 51 

. 51, 52 

. 52, 53 

. 53, 54 


21. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
23. 
23. 
23. 
23. 
23. 
23. 
24. 
24. 
24. 


37 — 
7-14. 

15-20. 

21-23. 

24-30. 

31-38. 

39-53. 

54.... 

55 — 
2-21. 

22-25. 

26-43. 

44,45. 

46-49. 

50-56. 
1-12. 

13-49. 

50-53. 


22. 6. 


Page. 
54 
54 


57-60 






55 


61,62 




55 


1-37 






54 


38-42 


59. 
10. 




55 


1- 12. 

1-35 

1- 17. 
11-19 


23. 1. 


. 55, 56 
57 
57 

. 37. 58 


20— 18. 


14. 


59 


15-30 




. 59, 60 


31-34 




60 


35— 19. 

29-44 

45-48 


28. 
4. 




60 

61 

. 63, 64 


1- 21. 

5-36 




64 
66 



JOHN. 



1. 

2. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

6. 

7. 
10. 
10. 
11. 



19— 2. 12... 22,23 
13— 3. 23... 23,24 

1-54 24,25 

1-47 26 

1-21 35,36 



22-71 

2- 10. 

22-40 

40-42 

1-57 



21. 



37 
40-43 
45 
46 
47 



12. 
12. 

12. 
13. 
18. 
18. 
18. 
18. 
19. 



1-19 50,51 

20-50 

1- 17. 
1 

2-27 



28., 



),40. 



49 


19. 


23, 24. 


,51 


19. 


25-27 


53 


19. 


28-30. 


55 


19. 


31-37. 


55 


19. 


38-42. 


,57 


20. 

20. 


1-18. 


,58 


18-23. 


58 


20. 


24-29. 


,60 


21. 


1-25. 



60 
61 
61 
63,64 
64 
65 
65 



ACTS. 



1. 4-12. 



'Rrrvav 



